Improvement of the real time total electron content based on the International Reference Ionosphere model

One of the methods to adapt the International Reference Ionosphere model to real time conditions is to use instantaneous values of the critical frequency of the ionosphere foF2. It is shown that there can be large discrepancies between model and experimental values of the total electron content TEC after this adaptation. Improvement can be provided by the use of an empirical model of the ionospheric slab thickness τ. This conclusion is based on analysis of contributions of various correction factors connected with foF2 and τ into discrepancies between model and experimental values of TEC.     

NeQuick 2 and IRI Plas VTEC predictions for low latitude and South American sector

Using vertical total electron content (VTEC) measurements obtained from GPS satellite signals the capability of the NeQuick 2 and IRI Plas models to predict VTEC over the low latitude and South American sector is analyzed. In the present work both models were used to calculate VTEC up to the height of GPS satellites. Also, comparisons between the performance of IRI Plas and IRI 2007 have been done. The data correspond to June solstice and September equinox 1999 (high solar activity) and they were obtained at nine stations. The considered latitude range extends from 18.4°N to ?64.7°N and the longitude ranges from 281.3°E to 295.9°E in the South American sector. The greatest discrepancies among model predictions and the measured VTEC are obtained at low latitudes stations placed in the equatorial anomaly region. Underestimations as strong as 40?TECU [1?TECU?=?10¹⁶?m^?2] can be observed at BOGT station for September equinox, when NeQuick2 model is used. The obtained results also show that: (a) for June solstice, in general the performance of IRI Plas for low latitude stations is better than that of NeQuick2 and, vice versa, for highest latitudes the performance of NeQuick2 is better than that of IRI Plas. For the stations TUCU and SANT both models have good performance; (b) for September equinox the performances of the models do not follow a clearly defined pattern as in the other season. However, it can be seen that for the region placed between the Northern peak and the valley of the equatorial anomaly, in general, the performance of IRI Plas is better than that of NeQuick2 for hours of maximum ionization. From TUCU to the South, the best TEC predictions are given by NeQuick2.The source of the observed deviations of the models has been explored in terms of CCIR foF2 determination in the available ionosonde stations in the region. Discrepancies can be also related to an unrealistic shape of the vertical electron density profile and or an erroneous prediction of the plasmaspheric contribution to the vertical total electron content. Moreover, the results of this study could be suggesting that in the case of NeQuick, the underestimation trend could be due to the lack of a proper plasmaspheric model in its topside representation. In contrast, the plasmaspheric model included in IRI, leads to clear overestimations of GPS derived TEC.     

Midday bottomside electron density profiles during moderate solar activity and comparison with IRI-2001

Bottomside electron density (Ne-h) profiles during midday (10–14 h) are analyzed using modern digital ionosonde observations at a low-middle latitude station, New Delhi (28.6N, 77.2E, dip 42.4N), for the period from January 2003 to December 2003, pertaining to moderate solar activity (MSA). Each individual profile is normalized with respect to the peak height and density (hmF2, NmF2) of the F2-region. These profiles are compared with those obtained from the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2001) model. Bilitza [Bilitza, D. International Reference Ionosphere 2000. Radio Sci. 36 (2), 261–275, 2001] using both the options namely: Gulyaeva’s model [Gulyaeva, T.L. Progress in ionospheric informatics based on electron density profile analysis of ionograms. Adv. Space Res. 7 (6) 39–48, 1987] and B0 Tab. option [Bilitza, D., Radicella, S.M., Reinisch, B.W., Adeniyi, J.O., Mosert Gonzalez, M.E., Zhang, S.R., Obrou, O. New B0 and B1 models for IRI. Adv. Space Res. 25 (1), 89–95, 2000]. The study reveals that during summer and equinox, the IRI model with B0 Tab. option in general, produces better agreement with the observed median profiles, while the IRI predictions using Gulyaeva’s option, overestimate the electron density distribution at all the heights below the F2-peak. However, during winter, in general, the IRI model, using both the options, reveals shows fairly good agreement with the observations.     

The investigation of powerful solar flares characteristics by analysis of excited states of C and various neutrons capture lines

Accelerated energetic particles in solar flares produced nuclear γ-lines in interactions with ambient solar atmosphere. Analysis of intensity of ratios between various γ-lines allows us to make estimations of abundance of elements, parameters of surrounding media and other solar characteristics. In this article we discuss the flux ratio between two lines from excited states of ¹²C (f_15.11/f_4.44) and our results of preliminary calculation of intensity ratio between two neutron capture lines at ³He and ¹H (f_20.58/f_2.223). In particular we consider the opportunity to obtain n(³He)/n(¹H) ratio during solar flares and using high-energy gamma-emission studying, based on the satellite data. Possible interpretation of spectral features observed during the January 20, 2005 solar flare is discussed. Preliminary analysis of energy spectrum in the band of 2–21 MeV gives n(³He)/n(¹H) ∼ 8 × 10⁻⁴ for January 20, 2005 solar flare.     

Composite profile of the Fe Kα spectral line emitted from a binary system of supermassive black holes

We used a model of a relativistic accretion disk around a supermassive black hole (SMBH), based on ray-tracing method in the Kerr metric, to study the variations of the composite Fe Kα line emitted from two accretion disks around SMBHs in a binary system. We assumed that the orbit of such a binary is approximately Keplerian, and simulated the composite line shapes for different orbital elements, accretion disk parameters and mass ratios of the components. The obtained results show that, if observed in the spectra of some SMBH binaries during their different orbital phases, such composite Fe Kα line profiles could be used to constrain the orbits and several properties of such SMBH binaries.     

民航机场飞机排放浓度分布模型

按照国际民航组织规定的起飞着陆循环过程,简化飞机在机场起飞降落的活动路线,在原有飞机排放污染物排放指数(EI)计算的基础上,再结合飞机起飞降落过程的燃油流量(F),计算出进近、滑行、起飞、爬升四段路线的排放污染强度.基于高斯点源扩散公式,对其进行积分得线源扩散模型,再对线源扩散模型中的参数进行修正,建立了民航机场飞机排放浓度模型.     

压电智能结构的实验研究

在复合材料表层铺设压电元件，利用压电元件能够实现力学量和电学量之间相互转化的独特性能，可将其用作传感器和驱动器，赋予材料和结构传感及动作的能力。本研究的压电材料采用锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷，基体材料采用玻璃纤维－环氧树脂复合材料，与外部信号采集和控制系统结合，构成了智能结构实验系统。本文对这一系统的损伤诊断和损伤主动控制功能进行了实验研究。该结构一方面可对冲击、过载等可能造成损伤的原因进行监测，并诊断裂缝、连接松动等损伤的产生和位置，另一方面还可自适应地驱动结构中的压电驱动器，改善结构应力状态，防止损伤的扩展。     

高动态EMCCD星敏感器总体参数设计方法

从高动态星敏感器动态性能需求出发,分析了电子倍增型电荷耦合器件（EMCCD,electron multiplying CCD）噪声来源,推导恒星探测中EMCCD的信噪比公式.针对EMCCD总体参数设计优化问题,提出了EMCCD中电子倍增电压和致冷温度的设计方法,并应用该方法进行高动态星敏感器中EMCCD总体参数设计及仿真.仿真结果表明,角速度为10（°）/s时姿态测量精度优于30″.提出的EMCCD参数确定方法可以为高动态星敏感器设计提供参考.     

燃烧室燃烧与排放特性试验与数值计算

为了探寻燃烧室进口空气温度、压力以及油气比对点熄火边界、温升、燃烧效率以及主要排放物摩尔分数的影响规律， 对航空发动机燃烧室在多工况下的点熄火特性、出口温度分布与主要排放物摩尔分数进行了试验测试。分别采用正癸烷的简化 反应机理与C 12 H 23 燃料的单步反应机理，对该燃烧室火焰筒内流场结构、温度场、中间组分与主要排放物摩尔分数分布特性进行了 数值计算，并与相应试验数据进行了对比分析。结果表明：随着燃烧室进口空气温度、压力以及油气比的提高，燃烧室燃烧效率、 温升、出口平均温度与NO X 摩尔分数逐渐提高，而UHC与CO摩尔分数逐渐降低；与采用C 12 H 23 燃料单步反应机理相比，采用正癸 烷的简化反应机理计算得到的火焰筒内流场与温度场分布更为合理，火焰筒出口温度场分布以及主要排放物摩尔分数与相应试 验数据更为接近，计算精度得到较大提高。     

基于电子束蒸发沉积的曲面纳米薄膜均匀性研究

半球谐振子金属化是半球谐振陀螺研制过程中的重要环节，针对半球表面薄膜制备均匀性难以实现的问题，提出了一种将薄膜沉积实验和光学模拟相结合的方法。本文采用电子束蒸发技术在半球上沉积Au薄膜，利用台阶仪测量球面上不同位点的薄膜厚度，将平面上的膜厚等效为半球曲面上的膜厚，研究球面薄膜的均匀性，得出了在半球内外表面上薄膜的膜厚分布；同时对薄膜沉积均匀性进行光学模拟，将半球探测器上辐照度等效为实验中沉积所得到的薄膜厚度，计算得出的半球探测器上辐照度分布与实验测量结果一致性较好，可为半球谐振子纳米薄膜的均匀性制备提供理论基础。