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81.
Kanokporn Noy Rithidech Wisa Supanpaiboon Louise Honikel Elbert B. Whorton 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
The purpose of this study was to evaluate dose–response relationships for the in vivo induction of micronuclei (MN) as a measure of both initial radiation damage and the induction of genomic instability. These measurements were made in mouse blood erythrocytes as a function of radiation dose, radiation quality, time after irradiation, and the genetic background of exposed individuals. Blood samples were collected from two strains of mouse (CBA/CaJ and C57BL/6J) at different times up to 3 months following a whole-body exposure to various doses of 1 GeV/amu 56Fe ions (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 Gy, at the dose rate of a 1 Gy/min) or 137Cs gamma rays (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 Gy, at the dose rate of 0.72 Gy/min). Blood-smear slides were stained with acridine orange (AO). The frequencies of MN were measured in mature normochromatic-erythrocytes (MN-NCEs) and in immature polychromatic-erythrocytes (MN-PCEs). Effects of both types of radiation on erythropoiesis were also evaluated. As a measure of cell progression delay, a dose-dependent decrease in numbers of PCEs was observed at day 2 post-exposure in both strains, regardless of radiation quality. Subsequently, the levels of PCEs increased in all exposed mice, reaching control levels (or higher) by day 7 post-exposure. Further, at day 2 after the exposure, there was no increase in the frequency of MN-PCEs in CBA/CaJ mice exposed to 56Fe ions while the frequency of MN-PCEs elevated as a function of dose in the C57BL/6J mice. At day 4, there was no dose related increase in MN-NCEs in either strain of mouse exposed to 137Cs gamma rays. Additionally, at the early sacrifice times (days 2 and 4), 56Fe ions were slightly more effective (per unit dose) in inducing MN-NCEs than 137Cs gamma rays in CBA/CaJ mice. However, there was no increase in the frequency of MN-NCEs at late times after an acute exposure to either type of radiation. In contrast, both types of radiation induced increased MN-PCEs frequencies in irradiated CBA/CaJ mice, but not C57BL/6J mice, at late times post-exposure. This finding indicates the potential induction of genomic instability in hematopoietic cells of CBA/CaJ mice by both types of radiation. The finding also demonstrates the influence of genetic background on radiation-induced genomic instability in vivo. 相似文献
82.
给出了可选作无源探测系统辐射源的信号参数,分析了目标的双基地等效反射面积、接收机噪声系数、干扰电平的组成及其相应的处理方法、PCL系统有效带宽和积累增益的关系,并对PCL系统的灵敏度和覆盖范围进行了研究.以此为基础,重新推导了双基地无源探测的距离方程.最后通过仿真分析了PCL系统可以获得的性能及其关键确定因素. 相似文献
83.
M. Durante L. Manti 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
The main long-term objective of the space exploration program is the colonization of the planets of the Solar System. The high cosmic radiation equivalent dose rate represents an inescapable problem for the safe establishment of permanent human settlements on these planets. The unshielded equivalent dose rate on Mars ranges between 100 and 200 mSv/year, depending on the Solar cycle and altitude, and can reach values as high as 360 mSv/year on the Moon. The average annual effective dose on Earth is about 3 mSv, nearly 85% of which comes from natural background radiation, reduced to less than 1 mSv if man-made sources and the internal exposure to Rn daughters are excluded. However, some areas on Earth display anomalously high levels of background radiation, as is the case with thorium-rich monazite bearing sand deposits where values 200–400 times higher than the world average can be found. About 2% of the world’s population live above 3 km and receive a disproportionate 10% of the annual effective collective dose due to cosmic radiation, with a net contribution to effective dose by the neutron component which is 3–4 fold that at sea level. Thus far, epidemiological studies have failed to show any adverse health effects in the populations living in these terrestrial high-background radiation areas (HBRA), which provide an unique opportunity to study the health implications of an environment that, as closely as possibly achievable on Earth, resembles the chronic exposure of future space colonists to higher-than-normal levels of ionizing radiation. Chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes from the HBRA residents have been measured in several studies because chromosomal damage represents an early biomarker of cancer risk. Similar cytogenetic studies have been recently performed in a cohort of astronauts involved in single or repeated space flights over many years. The cytogenetic findings in populations exposed to high dose-rate background radiation on Earth or in space will be discussed. 相似文献
84.
M. Poje B. Vuković M. Varga V. Radolić I. Miklavčić D. Faj J. Planinić 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
Cosmic radiation bombards us at high altitude with ionizing particles; the radiation has a galactic component, which is normally dominant, and a component of solar origin. Cosmic ray particles are the primary source of ionization in the atmosphere above 1 km; below 1 km radon is a dominant source of ionization in many areas. 相似文献
85.
86.
为了厘清在轨GEO(Geosynchronous Earth Orbit,地球同步轨道)卫星不时出现异常的原因,提高卫星执行任务的可靠性,首先从机理上介绍了空间环境中的地球辐射带及高能电子的情况,引出GEO卫星所处恶劣空间环境的现实;其次基于我国SEPC(Space Environment Prediction Center,国家空间环境预报中心)以及NSMC(National Satellite Meteorological Center,国家卫星气象中心)的空间环境月报资料,结合某GEO环境业务卫星故障的实际数据,经统计归纳,分析得出了地球辐射带中的高能电子是导致GEO卫星发生故障的主要原因;最后按照事例技术分析、常规按需预报和特殊情况下的实时预报等3个层次对高能电子预报方法进行了初步探讨。通过分析可以看出,为提高卫星完成任务的可靠性、降低长期管理风险,需要加强GEO卫星所处空间环境高能电子的预报工作。 相似文献
87.
为支持地球红外背景的模拟研究,以天基观测为前提,计算了2个大气窗口下,4个具有典型大气和地表特征的区域在水云大气下的路径透过率和各成分辐射亮度。通过相对变化比例,讨论了地球背景模拟中水云与地表的图像区分以及地域的影响。结果表明,水云对地球背景辐射传输影响显著:云层下方辐射会被强烈衰减,同时观测路径中的散射辐射大幅增强。在同一选定区域下,积云大气的观测路径亮度相对无云大气下变化最大,在相同水云类型条件下,大气散射和太阳散射亮度在不同区域区别较大,说明在模拟水云地球背景时不能忽略地域的影响。计算和分析结果可为地球背景模拟中的水云红外图像生成提供一定的数据基础和技术支持。 相似文献
88.
Convex optimization of asteroid landing trajectories driven by solar radiation pressure 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
High-area/mass ratio landers driven by Solar Radiation Pressure(SRP) have potential applications for future asteroid landing missions. This paper develops a new convex optimization-based method for planning trajectories driven by SRP. A Minimum Landing Error(MLE) control problem is formulated to enable planning SRP-controlled trajectories with different flight times. It is transformed into Second Order Cone Programming(SOCP) successfully by a series of different convexification technologies. A t... 相似文献
89.
隐身最重要的技术之一是评估飞行器被红外探测器接收到的红外辐射强度。本文针对飞行器表面红外辐射特征计算的问题提出一个方法。首先通过分析飞行器表面气动加热、发动机热部件等主要热源,建立了CFD计算模型并获得了飞行表面的温度场。并结合反向蒙特卡洛方法建立求解飞行器表面复杂几何外形的红外辐射模型。通过数值模拟,比较了飞行器主要部件在水平和侧向上红外辐射强度所占的比重;并针对飞行器主要部件冷却对红外辐射强度的影响效果进行了研究。计算结果表明:在水平方向降低飞行器头部、垂尾、机翼部件表面温度10K能降低红外辐射强度大于8%;而在侧方向降低飞行器头部、垂尾、机翼部件表面温度10K能降低红外辐射强度小于8%。计算结果可为隐身设计提供参考。 相似文献
90.