Dynamical evolution of high area-to-mass ratio debris released into GPS orbits

A large set of simulations, including all the relevant perturbations, was carried out to investigate the long-term dynamical evolution of fictitious high area-to-mass ratio (A/M) objects released, with a negligible velocity variation, in each of the six orbital planes used by Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. As with similar objects discovered in near synchronous trajectories, long lifetime orbits, with mean motions of about 2 revolutions per day, were found possible for debris characterized by extremely high area-to-mass ratios. Often the lifetime exceeds 100 years up to A/M ∼ 45 m²/kg, decreasing rapidly to a few months above such a threshold. However, the details of the evolution, which are conditioned by the complex interplay of solar radiation pressure and geopotential plus luni-solar resonances, depend on the initial conditions. Different behaviors are thus possible. In any case, objects like those discovered in synchronous orbits, with A/M as high as 20–40 m²/kg, could also survive in this orbital regime, with semi-major axes close to the semi-synchronous values, with maximum eccentricities between 0.3 and 0.7, and with significant orbit pole precessions (faster and wider for increasing values of A/M), leading to inclinations between 30° and more than 90°.     

Thermal cyclotron radiation from a hot coronal loop with helical magnetic field

The spectral and polarization properties of thermal cyclotron radio emission from a hot coronal loop with a current along the axis are computed. The magnetic field is supposed to have a component along the loop axis as well as a poloidal part due to the current, both components being of comparable magnitude. In this specific configuration a helical magnetic field is present with a remarkable minimum of its absolute value along the loop axis and a maximum at its periphery. The presence of one or two maxima of magnetic field value along the line of sight results in increasing optical thickness of the gyroresonance layers at appropriate frequencies in the microwave band and, therefore, in enhanced radio emission at those harmonics which are optically thin (for example,s=4). These cannot be observed in models with the commonly employed magnetic field configuration (longitudinal along the loop axis).We show that the frequency spectrum of thermal cyclotron radiation from a hot coronal loop with a helical magnetic field differs from that of the standards-component source (with smooth frequency characteristics and polarization corresponding toe-mode) in that plenty of fine structures (line-like features and cut-offs) are present and theo-mode is prevalent in some frequency intervals. The enhanced radio emission at high harmonics and the complicated form of frequency spectrum in the model considered imply that some microwave sources, which are poorly explained in traditional models of solar active regions, may be associated with helical magnetic fields in hot coronal loops. Computations allow one to indicate spectral and polarizational peculiarities of local sources testifying to the presence of a helical magnetic field.     

深空辐射环境及其效应的分析与比较

深空辐射环境对深空探测活动将带来严重的威胁。文章首先对深空辐射环境及效应进行了分析,接着对月球、火星、木星和土星等不同星体的辐射环境及效应进行了详细的探讨及比较。文章得到的结论可为深空探测器的设计和航天员的防护设计提供重要的指导与帮助。     

航天用SRAM型FPGA抗单粒子翻转设计

采用SRAM工艺的FPGA因其性能优异,在空间领域的应用受到重视;但是在空间环境中,SRAM型FPGA易受单粒子翻转的影响而导致逻辑故障或功能中断。文章提出对该类芯片的配置逻辑部分采用回读比较后刷新、对其BRAM部分采用通用自纠错宏的抗单粒子翻转（SEU）设计方案,在牺牲一定的器件性能的情况下,能达到较好的抗辐射效果。     

厘米-分米波段Ⅲ型爆发的统计分析

统计分析了太阳第23周期间(2000年7月至2004年9月)在625~1500,MHz,2600~3800,MHz和5200~7600,MHz范围频谱仪观测到的Ⅲ型射电爆发. 给出了Ⅲ型爆发的分布、寿命、频率漂移率、偏振度和频率带宽. 结果显示, 频率漂移率和频率带宽的平均值随频率的增加而增大, 寿命和偏振度的平均值既不是常数也不是在宽频延伸上保持均匀不变的.最多的Ⅲ型爆发分布在625~3800,MHz范围内, 且随频率的增加而增多. 分析表明, 电子加速和能量释放地点主要是在分米波范围内, 这个频率范围的特征可能与分米波段上的磁位形有关, 并且与主耀斑地点附近磁重联区中的电子加速有关. 然而, 还有相当数量的Ⅲ型爆发发生在5200~7600,MHz范围内, 这个特征表明电子加速的地点是在一个日冕的宽范围中. 关于厘米relax-relax 分米波段Ⅲ型爆发的辐射机制最可能包含相干的等离子体辐射或电子回旋脉泽辐射过程.     

太阳紫外辐射对星上光学膜层的影响

光学遥感是当前卫星遥感的重要手段, 而卫星温控和能源系统也广泛采 用光学膜层, 它们在空间环境条件下的性能对卫星应用任务的完成, 乃至卫星寿命、安全将起着非常重要的作用. 本文给出了太阳紫外辐射对星上光学膜层影响的主要机制, 分析了这一影响的主要规律和原子氧剥蚀、高能粒子和静电场的作用, 综述了太阳紫外辐射对星上光学系统表面膜层影响的测量结果, 最后提出了星上光学膜层污染防护中应重点关注的几个方面.     

三轴承矢量喷管红外辐射特性

针对涡扇发动机用三轴承矢量喷管（3BSN）,通过数值模拟的方法研究了在巡航和垂直起降（VTOL）状态即非矢量和90°矢量状态下三轴承矢量喷管的红外辐射空间分布特征,并分析了其影响机理。结果表明,在非矢量状态下由于特殊的几何型面使得喷管下壁面出现了局部高温区,喷流形状也变成椭圆锥形,造成垂直探测面上正探测角壁面红外辐射较负探测角最大增加44.6%,水平探测面上的燃气红外辐射大于垂直探测面;90°矢量状态下,由于偏转的喷管结构对前端高温部件的遮挡,总辐射峰值仅为非矢量状态的43.3%;喷管90°矢量偏转使得远离曲率中心一侧的气流速度降低温度升高,喷管外侧出现了大范围的局部高温区,导致垂直探测面负探测角范围的壁面辐射大于正探测角范围,最大相对差值达到71.9%。喷管偏转也遮挡了部分喷管内部的高温燃气,垂直探测面负探测角的仅能覆盖喷管出口处的高温燃气区域,明显小于正探测角,造成燃气辐射出现了20%的最大相对差值。     

Convex optimization of asteroid landing trajectories driven by solar radiation pressure

High-area/mass ratio landers driven by Solar Radiation Pressure(SRP) have potential applications for future asteroid landing missions. This paper develops a new convex optimization-based method for planning trajectories driven by SRP. A Minimum Landing Error(MLE) control problem is formulated to enable planning SRP-controlled trajectories with different flight times. It is transformed into Second Order Cone Programming(SOCP) successfully by a series of different convexification technologies. A t...     

太阳宁静及耀斑期间1AU附近等离子体轫致辐射研究

在太空等离子体中,尤其在等离子体内部磁场较弱时,轫致辐射是等离子体能量损失的主要机制.本文对太阳宁静及耀斑期间1 AU处等离子体轫致辐射计算表明,等离子体辐射强度I_f的变化与辐射的电磁波频率有直接的关系.当辐射频率f接近于等离子体频率f_pe时,辐射强度显著增大.随着电磁波辐射频率的增大,辐射强度随频率增大作缓慢对数下降.辐射亮温T_b与等离子体电子温度T_e介质光深成正比. T_b与I_f随辐射频率变化的整体趋势一致.在相同的辐射频率情况下,太阳宁静期间I_f值、T_b值低于太阳耀斑期间I_f值、T_b值.     

航天材料对质子辐射防护性能的模拟研究

随着航天材料技术的飞速发展,先进复合材料(ACM)在航天器上的应用价值越来越大。文章从辐射防护角度对航天材料的防护性能作出评价。利用SRIM程序,先模拟各单元素材料的辐射防护性能,再结合实际模拟多种材料的辐射防护效果,对比分析先进复合材料在航天器质子辐射防护上的优势。