Invar36合金端面铣削力研究

为了研究Invar36端铣过程中切削参数对切削力的影响规律,进行了切削力的单因素实验。对比分析了Invar36与0Cr18Ni9的切削力,研究了切削过程中切削力信号的产生及特征,并对加工过程中的动态切削力进行了频谱分析。分析了切削速度、每齿进给量和轴向切深对切削力的影响规律,建立了切削参数与切削力之间的数学模型。结果表明:刀具坐标系内的径向分力Fr表征了工件对刀具后刀面的挤压作用,单个切削周期内的切向铣削力Ft的峰值超前径向铣削力Fr的峰值。回归模型中的相关系数表明,切削参数对切削力影响的显著性依次为轴向切深、每齿进给量、切削速度。随着轴向切削力的增大,试件表层的Invar36晶粒扭曲程度更加明显,晶粒扭曲深度也随之加深。     

Experiments and numerical simulations of an electrodynamic tether deployment from a spool-type reel using thrusters

The amount of space debris is ever increasing, and pollution of the space environment has become a serious problem that can no longer be ignored. Consequently, the active removal of large space debris from crowded economically useful orbits should begin as soon as possible. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency has been investigating an active debris removal system that employs highly efficient electrodynamic tether (EDT) technology for orbital transfer. This study investigates the tether deployment from a spool-type reel using thrusters by means of numerical simulations of an EDT system. The thrusters are used in order to ensure the deployment of a tether with the length of several kilometers. In the simulations using a multiple mass tether model, the key parameters are estimated from various on-ground experiments. By means of the numerical simulations, the dynamics of tether deployment is studied and requirements of thruster needed for the deployment, such as the thrust forces and the periods of thruster activation, are clarified.     

回转体倾斜入水空泡及弹道特性实验

针对回转体低速倾斜入水过程空泡的生成机理和演化特性开展研究。通过不同入水速度和入水角度回转体倾斜入水对比实验,研究了入水速度和入水角度对入水空泡、回转体速度、俯仰角及阻力系数的影响规律。研究结果表明:空泡深闭合时刻的空泡长度、最大空泡直径和空泡闭合点深度随着回转体入水速度的增加而增大;空泡深闭合发生时间随着入水速度的增加而小幅增大;同一入水时刻回转体俯仰角和俯仰角速度均随入水速度的增加而减小;随着回转体入水角度的增加,同一时刻入水空泡直径和回转体速度逐渐减小,阻力系数逐渐增大。      

液体火箭发动机涡轮泵用轴承寿命试验研究

基于液体火箭发动机涡轮泵轴承工作要求的特殊性,介绍了一种考核液体火箭发动机涡轮泵用轴承寿命的试验方法,设计了轴承试验方案,并研制了专门的试验系统.以某型号发动机氧泵用轴承为研究对象,对其进行了常温水介质和低温液氮介质运转试验.试验系统运转良好,并且通过该方法试验后的同批次轴承参加发动机热试车工作正常.     

Application of focused laser differential interferometer to hypersonic boundary-layer instability study

Accurate prediction of hypersonic boundary-layer transition plays an important role in thermal protection system design of hypersonic vehicles. Restricted by the capability of spatial diagnostics for hypersonic boundary-layer study, quite a lot of problems of hypersonic boundary-layer transition, such as nonlinearity and receptivity, remain outstanding. This work reports the application of focused laser differential interferometer to instability wave development across hypersonic boundary-layer on a flared cone model. To begin with, the focused laser differential interferometer is designed and set up in a Mach number 6 hypersonic quiet wind tunnel with the focal point in the laminar boundary-layer of a 5 degree half-angle flared cone model. Afterwards, instability experiments are carried out by traversing the focal point throughout the hypersonic boundary-layer and the density fluctuation along the boundary-layer profile is measured and analyzed. The results show that three types of instability waves ranging from 10 kHz to over 1 MHz are co-existing in the hypersonic boundary-layer, indicating the powerful capability of focused laser differential interferometer in dynamic response resolution for instability wave study in hypersonic flow regime; furthermore, quantitative analyses including spectra and bicoherence analysis of instability waves throughout the hypersonic boundary-layer for both cold and heated cone models are performed.     

粗糙物面引起的超声速边界层转捩现象研究

采用风洞实验和数值模拟方法研究平板表面圆柱形粗糙单元引起的M=3超声速边界层转捩问题。实验采用纳米粒子示踪平面激光散射技术（NPLS）对流动结构进行测量。共考察了1mm、2mm和4mm三个不同的粗糙度条件。采用五阶精度加权紧致非线性格式（WCNS-E-5）对风洞实验进行数值模拟和对比。实验及计算表明：粗糙元对边界层干扰后诱导了尾迹流向涡的形成,流向涡通过抬升机制产生剪切层和流向速度条带等不稳定结构;实验流动图像显示,剪切层不稳定在边界层转捩过程中起重要作用;随着粗糙元高度增加,流动分离范围和转捩区域明显扩大,转捩位置有提前的趋势。     

超燃冲压发动机喷管下唇板可调方案

高超声速飞行器在飞行接力点和巡航结束点受喷管冷、热态膨胀状态不同的影响,会产生较大的冷、热态俯仰力矩差,从而对飞行器姿态控制带来较大困难.针对该问题,研究了下唇板可调方案对降低冷、热态俯仰力矩差的有效性,对不同下唇板角度进行数值模拟,得到了喷管性能参数.结果表明:下唇板旋转6°时,设计马赫数Ma=4.5下冷、热态俯仰力矩差下降29.57%,推力系数减小0.42%.并且进行了下唇板角度可调方案的风洞试验和对应的数值模拟,对比发现数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了所提出的可调方案及数值模拟结果的正确性.      

具有载荷扰动抑制的卫星姿态控制方法及验证

针对载荷转动对星体产生的呈周期变化的干扰,开展了干扰抑制方法研究。利用干扰的周期特性,基于李亚普诺夫原理设计了参数未知的周期干扰力矩的辨识算法,实现了卫星姿态的自适应控制。最后进行了物理仿真试验,利用真实的星载计算机和控制部件,在气浮台上进行了试验验证,结果表明,算法有效地抑制了载荷转动的干扰,卫星的姿态稳定度提高了50%,且算法简单,易于星上软件实现。     

颗粒射流冲击材料行为研究

颗粒冲击材料现象广泛存在于自然界以及工业领域中。应用实验测量与数值计算相结合的方法研究了颗粒射流冲击材料(304不锈钢)的磨损行为。考虑了颗粒粒径、运动轨迹、颗粒-壁面撞击点分布以及所导致材料物相结构变化。实验测试包括材料质量损耗、材料元素X射线衍射(XRD)分析、表面微观结构扫描电镜(SEM)观察。对相应的颗粒射流冲击材料行为进行了数值计算,获得流场,颗粒场以及相应材料磨损。结果表明:颗粒射流冲击下颗粒运动轨迹与撞击点的分布不同,造成了材料样品表面磨损区域明显不同。颗粒-壁面碰撞不仅会导致材料损失而且会造成材料物相结构的变化。     

三床型机载制氧系统控制设计与实验验证

为解决两床型机载制氧系统在实际应用过程中出现的输出压力波动大及低空氧浓度偏高等问题,需研制与开发三床型机载制氧系统。为此,依据系统控制逻辑,采用电磁阀驱动电控气动阀循环工作的控制模式,开展了三床型机载制氧系统的控制设计,提出了高低空分段调节循环周期的控制方法,并在不同输入压力、流量条件下,对三床型机载制氧系统进行了循环周期实验,探索了产品气氧浓度随循环周期时间的变化规律。研究结果表明:当采用高空循环周期为6 s,低空循环周期为9 s,高低空分段高度为3.5 km等控制参数时,系统控制设计可适用于三床型机载制氧系统,并满足三床型机载制氧系统控制设计的需求。