A lunar L2-Farside exploration and science mission concept with the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle and a teleoperated lander/rover

A novel concept is presented in this paper for a human mission to the lunar L2 (Lagrange) point that would be a proving ground for future exploration missions to deep space while also overseeing scientifically important investigations. In an L2 halo orbit above the lunar farside, the astronauts aboard the Orion Crew Vehicle would travel 15% farther from Earth than did the Apollo astronauts and spend almost three times longer in deep space. Such a mission would serve as a first step beyond low Earth orbit and prove out operational spaceflight capabilities such as life support, communication, high speed re-entry, and radiation protection prior to more difficult human exploration missions. On this proposed mission, the crew would teleoperate landers/rovers on the unexplored lunar farside, which would obtain samples from the geologically interesting farside and deploy a low radio frequency telescope. Sampling the South Pole-Aitken basin, one of the oldest impact basins in the solar system, is a key science objective of the 2011 Planetary Science Decadal Survey. Observations at low radio frequencies to track the effects of the Universe’s first stars/galaxies on the intergalactic medium are a priority of the 2010 Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey. Such telerobotic oversight would also demonstrate capability for human and robotic cooperation on future, more complex deep space missions such as exploring Mars.     

星间激光输能姿态指向自适应控制器设计

针对同轨道平面两星之间激光能量传输时的姿态指向控制问题,基于反步（Backstepping）法提出了一种自适应控制器设计方法。该方法先基于罗德里格参数（MRP）对卫星进行姿态描述;然后根据星间激光输能任务对姿态指向的特殊要求通过多个姿态矩阵的转换解算出了用户星期望姿态的表达式;之后基于Backstepping法,设计了自适应控制律,该控制律能解决控制输入有限和转动惯量不确定的问题,而且有效克服空间干扰力矩;最后通过Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了控制系统的稳定性。仿真结果显示,在约15s后,用户星的姿态误差和角速度误差收敛到0,并且角速度和控制力矩的值都在约束条件的范围内,说明文章设计的控制器不仅能够使用户星按最短路径调整到期望姿态,而且能够有效地抑制空间干扰力矩和解决转动惯量不确定的问题,并且通过合理地设计控制参数,可以在保证控制精度和速度情况下使控制输入满足约束条件。     

DEMETER and DMSP satellite observations of the disturbed H/O ratio caused by Earth’s seismic activity in the Sumatra area during December 2004

In the present paper, plasma probe data taken from DEMETER and DMSP-F15 satellites were used to study the ion density and temperature disturbances in the morning topside ionosphere, caused by seismic activity at low latitudes. French DEMETER (Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) micro-satellite mission had been especially designed to provide global scale observations in the topside ionosphere over seismically active regions. Onboard the DEMETER satellite, the thermal plasma instrument called “Instrument Analyser de Plasma” (IAP) provides ion mass and densities, ion temperature, three component ion drift and ion density irregularities measurements. As a part of “Defense Meteorological Satellite Program”, DMSP-F15 satellite is on orbit operation since 1999. It provides ionospheric plasma diagnostics by means of the “Special Sensor-Ion, Electron and Scintillations” (SSIES-2) instrument. We examined few examples of possible seismic effects in the equatorial ionosphere, probably associated with seismic activity during December month in the area of Sumatra Island, including main shock of giant Sumatra event. It is found that the localized topside ionospheric disturbances appear close to the epicenters of certain earthquakes in the Sumatra region. In two cases, ion H⁺/O⁺ ratio rises more than one hour before the main shock, due to the O⁺ density decrease at the winter side of the geomagnetic equator, with longitudinally closest location to the epicenter of the earthquakes. These anomalous depletions in O⁺ density do exist in all cases of SSIES-2 data. Particularly for Sumatra main event, more than one hour after the main shock, we observe large-scale depletion in O⁺ density northward of the geomagnetic equator at winter side hemisphere. Associated with O⁺ depletion, ion temperature latitudinal profile around the geomagnetic equator shows enhanced asymmetry with minimum at the summer side and maximum in positive Ti deviation from mean value at the winter side. This disturbance lasted for more than three hours, later in time observed at the same place by IAP/DEMETER.     

Impact of four dimensional assimilation of satellite data on long-range simulations over the Indian region during monsoon 2006

A number of experiments were conducted to study the impact of updating model basic fields by satellite data (Quick Scatterometer (QSCAT) surface winds and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) temperature and humidity profiles) on long-range simulation during the Indian summer monsoon 2006. The Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU/NCAR) mesoscale model version5 (MM5) and its four dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) technique was used for the numerical simulations. The spatial distribution and temporal variation in model simulated basic meteorological parameters and rainfall were verified against the observed fields from National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) analysis and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), respectively. The overall analysis of the results from QSCAT surface wind assimilation as compared to control simulation (CNT; without the satellite data assimilation) suggest that a better representation of a single level wind field during model integration fail to make significant improvement in the model simulation both in the basic meteorological parameters and rainfall. The assimilation of temperature and humidity profiles from the AIRS during model integration significantly improved the rainfall prediction during monsoon period. It is found that the improvement in rainfall prediction is attributed to improved thermodynamics structure due to AIRS profile assimilation and the degree of improvement is more in temperature prediction as compared to humidity prediction. It is also found that the prediction over the regions, such as south west part of India and foothills of Himalaya, where a complex orography exists, is not significantly benefited from satellite data assimilation which highlights the need of improvement in the model in addition to a better representation of atmospheric state.     

月球表面粗糙度的分形表征

文中采用"嫦娥一号"卫星探测器返回的激光高程计的数据,从研究月球表面的分形特征出发,选取月球表面的湿海区域进行研究,通过对激光高度计的原始数据进行处理,并利用SPSS统计软件对这两组数据进行拟合得到最佳的拟合模型。结果指出:1)分维可以作为一个独立的表征参量来表征粗糙表面的平缓程度。2)由拟合结果图可知,对于月球表面的湿海区域,分维与粗糙度存在单调递增关系,即分维值越大,区域表面越粗糙,表面起伏变化也越剧烈;并通过分析得出湿海区域的地形起伏较大。3)通过分维值D与粗糙度之间的关系式,对于某区域的任意一段轮廓,可以通过计算分维值D得出该轮廓的粗糙度值。同样的,对任一粗糙度值,可以求出相应的分维值以及该轮廓的具体纬度值位置。4)对于月球表面的其他区域,同样可以得出他们之间的相关性,从而达到研究月表地貌演化过程的目的。     

Ambiguity resolution performance with GPS and BeiDou for LEO formation flying

The evolving BeiDou Navigation Satellite System constellation brings new opportunities for high-precision applications. In this contribution the focus will be on one such application, namely precise and instantaneous relative navigation of a formation of LEO satellites. The aim is to assess the ambiguity resolution performance with the future GPS and BeiDou constellations depending on system choice (GPS, BeiDou, or GPS+BeiDou), single- or dual-frequency observations, receiver noise, and uncertainties in ionosphere modelling. In addition, for the GPS+BeiDou constellation it will be shown how the growing BeiDou constellation in the years to come can already bring an important performance improvement compared to the GPS-only case. The performance will be assessed based on the percentage of time that the required precision can be obtained with a partial ambiguity resolution strategy.     

战斗机战术引导的广义编队控制研究

提出了用于空战战术引导的广义编队控制的概念和模型。分析了空战战术的特点,设计了战术引导控制系统的结构,该控制系统主要分为战术轨迹优化和广义编队控制。采用非线性规划来构建空战战术轨迹优化的通用算法,将执行同一战术任务的所有战斗机都纳入到一个广义的编队系统中,应用反馈控制设计分布式广义编队控制模型。最后,以双机水平散开战术为例来进行仿真验证,结果表明广义编队控制在使战斗机沿预定轨迹机动的基础上,保证了在战术引导过程中我方具有较大的战术优势。     

空间多刚体系统编队及姿态的协同综合控制

针对由多个非线性系统组成的多子系统的协同控制问题,给出了一种基于输出反馈的协同控制律的设计方法,并将其应用于空间多个刚体的编队控制和姿态的协同控制系统中,给出了空间多刚体系统编队控制及姿态协同控制问题有解的充分条件,设计了多刚体编队及姿态稳定的协同综合控制律。仿真结果表明,这种控制方法是有效的、可行的,所设计的控制器能够使整个刚体系统在空间运行过程中保持一定的队形,并且同时稳定控制描述各个刚体系统姿态的四元数。     

北斗全球卫星导航系统境外星数据快速回传的路由优化方法

针对北斗全球卫星导航系统存在的全球布站不足问题,提出一种利用星间链路将境外星数据快速回传至境内的路由优化方法。首先描述地面站受限情况下的数据快速回传问题,明确传输路由的优化目标、生成规则、约束条件。然后提出基于遗传算法的时延最小数据传输路由优化策略。最后,对算法进行了验证。结果表明,在2个境内站条件下,北斗系统全星座最多2跳（6s内）完成数据传输,可满足境外数据快速回传的要求。     

太阳同步冻结轨道星座保持与捕获

太阳同步冻结轨道卫星在经过同一星下点时光照特性和轨道高度相同,便于载荷观测及定标.由多颗太阳同步冻结轨道卫星组成的星座,需要实现星座成员轨道倾角、轨道高度、偏心率矢量和相对轨道幅角的同时保持.提出了基于切向单脉冲的最低燃耗轨道面内保持策略,证明了该策略的稳定性和燃料最优性,给出了太阳同步轨道地方时保持简单算法.仿真证明...