基于UML的卫星探测仿真系统模型设计

UML作为一种先进实用的标准建模语言和易于表达的面向对象建模工具,不仅可以从不同角度对系统进行描述,而且具有描述直观和便于交流等优点。在对卫星探测仿真系统需求分析的基础上,应用基于UML的开发工具Rational Rose分别建立了系统的用例模型、结构模型、行为模型和物理模型,并采用Visual C＋＋6．0对仿真系统进行了实现。实践表明,UML可以有效构建系统模型并提高系统的开发效率。     

中国返回式卫星与空间科学实验

中国返回式卫星发展至今已有30 多年, 共发射了23 颗返回式卫星. 在多次返回式卫星任务中成功进行了大量的空间科学和技术实验. 本文首先概要介绍了中国返回式卫星的发展情况、技术特点、在返回式卫星上进行的空间科学实验情况; 其次, 介绍了卫星平台对有效载荷可提供的环境条件、服务支持以及载荷设备研制与卫星技术流程之间的匹配关系和接口要求; 最后, 对卫星平台的技术发展趋势与应用前景进行了展望.      

Merged series of normalized water leaving radiances obtained from multiple satellite missions for the Mediterranean Sea

Merging time series of ocean color-derived products provided by independent satellite missions supports related biogeochemical and environmental applications by combining temporally overlapping data sets and by increasing data coverage. The creation of a merged series of normalized water leaving radiances _LWN$L_{\text{WN}}$, the primary ocean color product, is presented for the Mediterranean Sea using the SeaWiFS and MODIS data records. The merging relies on an optically-based technique that combines the available _LWN$L_{\text{WN}}$ signal in a spectrally consistent way. Validation statistics indicate uncertainties associated with the merged _LWN$L_{\text{WN}}$ decreasing from 23% at 412 nm to 12% in the 500- to 555-nm spectral range. The inter-comparison of the sensor-specific products, conducted at the scale of the basin for daily-to-monthly time scales, indicates an overall consistency. The level of differences varies with the wavelength considered and shows a marked seasonal cycle, with differences that tend to be higher in winter. The merged series is remarkably consistent with the sensor-specific data, with average absolute percent differences lower than 10% for all wavelengths below 555 nm. The benefit of merging in terms of sampling frequency over the basin is also illustrated. A merged series of _LWN$L_{\text{WN}}$ data based on the two considered missions provides valid data over 36% of the basin area on a daily basis.     

原位法制备C/C复合材料SiC/Si-Al2O3-mullite复合抗氧化涂层

 以Si和Al₂O₃为原料,采用原位生成法在带有SiC内涂层的炭/炭（C/C）复合材料表面制备出Si-Al₂O₃-mullite（莫来石）抗氧化涂层。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和氧化实验研究了Al₂O₃含量等工艺因素对Si-Al2O3-mullite涂层的物相组成、结构形貌、抗氧化性能影响。结果表明：Al₂O₃质量含量为30%~40%时,涂层主要由Si,mullite和Al₂O₃三相组成,涂层致密无裂纹,抗氧化性能最佳。在1 500 ℃等温氧化测试显示,SiC/Si-Al₂O₃-mullite复合涂层比单一的SiC涂层抗氧化性能有明显提高,1 500 ℃等温氧化75 h试样失重为4.6%。涂层试样失重的主要原因是涂层中产生了不可愈合的孔隙缺陷。     

Spacecraft formation flying for Earth-crossing object deflections using a power limited laser ablating

A formation flying strategy with an Earth-crossing object (ECO) is proposed to avoid the Earth collision. Assuming that a future conceptual spacecraft equipped with a powerful laser ablation tool already rendezvoused with a fictitious Earth collision object, the optimal required laser operating duration and direction histories are accurately derived to miss the Earth. Based on these results, the concept of formation flying between the object and the spacecraft is applied and analyzed as to establish the spacecraft’s orbital motion design strategy. A fictitious “Apophis”-like object is established to impact with the Earth and two major deflection scenarios are designed and analyzed. These scenarios include the cases for the both short and long laser operating duration to avoid the Earth impact. Also, requirement of onboard laser tool’s for both cases are discussed. As a result, the optimal initial conditions for the spacecraft to maintain its relative trajectory to the object are discovered. Additionally, the discovered optimal initial conditions also satisfied the optimal required laser operating conditions with no additional spacecraft’s own fuel expenditure to achieve the spacecraft formation flying with the ECO. The initial conditions founded in the current research can be used as a spacecraft’s initial rendezvous points with the ECO when designing the future deflection missions with laser ablation tools. The results with proposed strategy are expected to make more advances in the fields of the conceptual studies, especially for the future deflection missions using powerful laser ablation tools.     

GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO多星座组合导航系统研究

通过对多星座组合导航系统的分析,对多星座组合导航定位算法进行了研究。由于GPS、GLONASS、GALILEO系统分别采用了不同的坐标系,文中利用坐标系变换将不同星座统一到同一个坐标系中,采用增加状态变量的方法实现了组合系统的时间统一,从而实现了多星座间的时空统一;针对多星座组合系统的可见卫星数目大大增加的特点,采用最小二乘的方法实现了用户的导航定位解算,提高了用户的定位精度。通过对GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO多星座组合导航系统的仿真研究,其结果表明:与GPS单星座相比,GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO多星座组合导航系统,同一时间内可见卫星数目大大增加,PDOP值明显减小,有效提高了导航定位精度,具有良好的定位性能和可靠性。     

卫星遥感图像数据压缩质量评价研究

针对高保真高速数据压缩算法的卫星应用,采用客观参数评价和主观评价相结合的方法,对卫星遥感图像数据压缩质量评价进行了较系统的研究。通过四次试验实践表明,主观评价具有相当的客观性,是目前遥感图像数据压缩质量评价中最基本、最有效的方法,科学合理地设计主观评价至关重要;客观参数评价是有益的参考方法,在改善某一压缩方法时,峰值信噪比(PSNR)是个较好的衡量标准;主观评价和客观评价有较好的一致性,主要体现在PSNR、相似度(XSD)和全图局域最大误差(LME)等客观评价参数上。     

基于遗传算法PID整定的卫星姿态控制研究

文章针对新一代资源卫星建立了带有有效载荷的卫星姿态动力学方程,并且使用遗传算法PID参数自整定的方法进行了卫星姿态控制,有效地消除了可转动载荷对卫星姿态的影响。仿真结果表明,使用遗传算法PID参数自整定方法,对卫星的姿态系统具有较好的控制性能,并且克服了传统PID调参困难的缺点。     

开放式柔性测试系统测试资源联盟生成

为了解决开放式柔性测试系统(OFTS,Open Flexible Test System)的快速组建和按需生成问题,首先将复杂测试任务分解成可以用基本信号类型表示的子任务集合,然后参考多色集合理论的元素统一颜色、个人颜色等概念,建立了柔性测试最优资源联盟生成问题的数学描述模型.根据测试系统的实际情况,在模型中考虑了各个信号类型之间的资源共用问题,避免了系统组建后规模的过度复杂以及测试资源的浪费.以资源使用代价最小为目标函数,设计了基于蚁群优化算法的测试资源联盟生成算法,最后通过具体的资源联盟生成实例验证了模型的有效性和算法的优越性.