用于微振动测量的高精度加速度传感器标定方法

微振动试验中所用的加速度传感器简称高精度加速度传感器,其相比于常规加速度传感器测量量级很低,可以达到10-5g量级甚至更低,用常规的加速度动态标定技术无法实现该量级水平的标定,也无从验证其测量精度的准确性。针对高精度加速度传感器测试精度的标定难题,文章提出在气浮台上设置比对梁的方法,通过激光测振仪和高精度加速度传感器对同一测点进行测量,并将两者的测量结果进行比对分析,以标定高精度加速度传感器的低量级测试精度。同时设计试验对手头现有的微振动加速度传感器进行标定以验证该方法的有效性,试验结果表明:利用激光测振仪标定现有高精度加速度传感器得到的比对结果符合预期;高精度加速度传感器测得的时域波形及频域波形与激光测振仪测得的基本一致,比对偏差在10%左右,满足标定方法要求。     

图像传感器辐射损伤对光通信系统跟瞄精度的影响分析

卫星光通信系统中的图像传感器在空间辐射环境中会因辐射损伤导致成像噪声增大,从而在确定光斑质心时产生偏差,影响系统跟瞄精度。文章基于典型器件地面辐照试验数据分析结果,利用灰度质心算法对不同尺寸模拟缺陷光斑的质心偏差量进行计算,并分析质心偏差对系统跟瞄精度的影响。结果表明:光斑的质心偏移与辐射产生缺陷像素的数量和位置均相关;增大光斑尺寸可减小质心偏差。最后,从抗辐射损伤能力角度为系统光斑尺寸选取提出约束条件要求。     

面向悬浮光力系统的集成化反馈控制器研究

悬浮光力系统具有高灵敏度、高稳定性和低耗散等特点,有望发展成为新型高性能力学传感器。针对目前悬浮光力系统存在的反馈控制器兼容性差、软硬件成本高、集成度低等问题,提出了一种兼容多种反馈控制模式的软硬件设计方案,并研制了一套高度集成的反馈控制器,在160 mm×170 mm×42 mm的尺寸上集成了六通道模数/数模转换器、滤波器、现场可编程门阵列+微处理器(FPGA+ARM)等功能模块,并且开发了基于数字锁相环和比例积分微分(PID)控制器的控制算法,最终在同一套硬件系统上实现了跨尺度微粒的运动信息采集和反馈控制,以及数十赫兹至亚兆赫兹的感知带宽。实验结果表明,该集成反馈控制器能够实现超高真空(10^-6 Pa量级)下亚微米及微米尺度微粒的稳定悬浮和运动控制。在扩展系统感知带宽的同时减小了整体体积,为悬浮光力传感技术的器件化奠定了基础。     

基于惯性导航/无线传感器网络组合的采煤机定位方法研究

采煤机是井下综采工作面的重要设备,采煤机精确定位技术是煤矿生产装备自动化的关键技术之一。为了实现高精度定位满足井下综采自动化作业需求,提出了基于惯性导航/无线传感器网络组合的采煤机定位方法。采用锚节点安置于液压支架上,移动节点与惯导固定安装于采煤机上的配置方案,利用位置已知的锚节点测距信息估计和修正惯导误差,同时实施对安置于推进过程中的液压支架上锚节点(未知节点)位置信息的实时校准,从而达到采煤机高精度定位、无线传感器网络节点动态自动调节的目的。通过试验对所提方法的有效性进行了验证,结果表明,所釆用方法对釆煤机轨迹具有良好跟踪性能,水平定位误差不超过1.57 cm/h。     

弧焊机器人旋转电弧传感实时焊缝纠偏系统的开发

本论文研究了以高速旋转传感电弧为传感器智能弧焊机器人实时焊缝纠偏系统,着重讨论了焊纠偏系统的硬件组成和软件结果。     

电传飞机加速度传感器安装位置对飞行品质的影响

从飞行控制系统原理出发,以某型电传飞机为例,通过六自由度仿真对比,分析加速度传感器安装位置对飞行品质的影响,并从飞行品质的角度出发,对采用电传飞控系统飞机的加速度传感器安装位置提出建议.     

A novel method for destriping of OCM-2 data and radiometric performance analysis for improved ocean color data products

Despite the capability of Ocean Color Monitor aboard Oceansat-2 satellite to provide frequent, high-spatial resolution, visible and near-infrared images for scientific research on coastal zones and climate data records over the global ocean, the generation of science quality ocean color products from OCM-2 data has been hampered by serious vertical striping artifacts and poor calibration of detectors. These along-track stripes are the results of variations in the relative response of the individual detectors of the OCM-2 CCD array. The random unsystematic stripes and bandings on the scene edges affect both visual interpretation and radiometric integrity of remotely sensed data, contribute to confusion in the aerosol correction process, and multiply and propagate into higher level ocean color products generated by atmospheric correction and bio-optical algorithms. Despite a number of destriping algorithms reported in the literature, complete removal of stripes without residual effects and signal distortion in both low- and high-level products is still challenging. Here, a new operational algorithm has been developed that employs an inverted gaussian function to estimate error fraction parameters, which are uncorrelated and vary in spatial, spectral and temporal domains. The algorithm is tested on a large number of OCM-2 scenes from Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal waters contaminated with severe stripes. The destriping effectiveness of this approach is then evaluated by means of various qualitative and quantitative analyses, and by comparison with the results of the previously reported method. Clearly, the present method is more effective in terms of removing the stripe noise while preserving the radiometric integrity of the destriped OCM-2 data. Furthermore, a preliminary time-dependent calibration of the OCM-2 sensor is performed with several match-up in-situ data to evaluate its radiometric performance for ocean color applications. OCM-2 derived water-leaving radiance products obtained after calibration show a good consistency with in-situ and MODIS-Aqua observations, with errors less than the validated uncertainties of ±5% and ±35% endorsed for the remote-sensing measurements of water-leaving radiance and retrieval of chlorophyll concentrations respectively. The calibration results show a declining trend in detector sensitivity of the OCM-2 sensor, with a maximum effect in the shortwave spectrum, which provides evidence of sensor degradation and its profound effect on the striping artifacts in the OCM-2 data products.     

Crack monitoring method based on Cu coating sensor and electrical potential technique for metal structure

Advanced crack monitoring technique is the cornerstone of aircraft structural health monitoring.To achieve real-time crack monitoring of aircraft metal structures in the course of service,a new crack monitoring method is proposed based on Cu coating sensor and electrical potential difference principle.Firstly,insulation treatment process was used to prepare a dielectric layer on structural substrate,such as an anodizing layer on 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate,and then a Cu coating crack monitoring sensor was deposited on the structure fatigue critical parts by pulsed bias arc ion plating technology.Secondly,the damage consistency of the Cu coating sensor and2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate was investigated by static tensile experiment and fatigue test.The results show that strain values of the coating sensor and the 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate measured by strain gauges are highly coincident in static tensile experiment and the sensor has excellent fatigue damage consistency with the substrate.Thirdly,the fatigue performance discrepancy between samples with the coating sensor and original samples was investigated.The result shows that there is no obvious negative influence on the fatigue performance of the 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy after preparing the Cu coating sensor on its surface.Finally,crack monitoring experiment was carried out with the Cu coating sensor.The experimental results indicate that the sensor is sensitive to crack,and crack origination and propagation can be monitored effectively through analyzing the change of electrical potential values of the coating sensor.     

Design of on-board calibration methods for a digital sun sensor based on Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm and Kalman filters

Digital sun sensor is one of the most important sensors used in the Attitude Determination System (ADS) of the satellite. Due to the harsh environmental conditions that exist in the space, various distortions may occur in the sun sensor optical system that lead to the reduced accuracy of this equipment. So, it is necessary to recalibrate the optical parameters of the aforementioned sensors. For this purpose, first a novel attitude independent error model is proposed for the SS-411 sun sensor that includes the central point of the CCD array, installation error, filter thickness and sensor misalignment. So, the mutual interfaces between the sensor parameters are considered in the developed model. In order to extract the sensor parameters, a nonlinear optimization technique called the Levenberg–Marquardt is applied to the developed model as a batch algorithm. In addition, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) have been utilized as sequential strategies. It will be shown that by considering a worst case of variation amount for sensor parameters, an accuracy improvement of about 17° is achieved by the developed calibration algorithms. Comparison between the developed algorithms represents that UKF has higher accuracy, shorter time convergence but higher computational load.     

空间光学敏感器成像组件抗力学稳定性分析与评价

摘要： 成像组件是空间光学敏感器和光学相机的核心组件，其抗力学稳定性直接影响单机的测量精度.为了提高其抗力学性能，本文首先对成像组件结构进行了力学分析，并通过试验验证了分析方法的有效性.由于仿真分析只能对抗力学稳定性进行定性评价，本文设计了实验来定量评价，并提出了一种成像组件抗力学稳定性评价方法.最后，应用该评价方法对三种结构进行了抗力学稳定性分析、试验和测试.结果表明，本文提出的评价方法与力学仿真结合试验的评价方法对三种结构的评价结论是一致的.而本文的量化评价方法可以给出结构力学试验后的滑移值和机械基准变化值，为产品的研制提供数据参考.该方法可应用于对位置变化敏感的空间光学仪器的研制过程.