一种基于GPS的测姿新方法

提出了一种利用GPS载波相位信号，基于积分角速率参数IRP（Interated rate parameters)的概念，并借助于扩展了卡尔曼滤波（Extended Kalman filtering)算法进行载体的姿态及姿态变化率估计的新方法，利用线性跟踪理论建立动态方程，使动态方程形式简单，意义明确，利用IRP的概念，通过解决姿态矩阵的递推过程，建立载波相位的观测方程，仿真试验结果表明，本算法具有计算效率高，实时性好，测姿态精度高等优点，并且，由于同时对姿态率进行跟踪估计，因而表现出对载体机动性较强的跟踪能力。     

基于星载GPS双频观测值的简化动力学定轨方法

论述了基于低轨卫星星载GPS双频观测值的精密单点定位技术的简化动力学定轨方法的数学模型,分析了简化动力学定轨中的关键问题--伪随机脉冲的设置问题及其对定轨精度的影响.最后结合CHAMP卫星实测GPS数据,利用简化的动力学定轨方法对CHAMP进行定轨.算例结果表明,伪随机脉冲的设置可以有效吸收力学模型误差的影响,因而定轨精度较稳定.根据一个星期的CHAMP星载GPS跟踪数据计算的CHAMP轨道,同德国慕尼黑工业大学TUM计算的CHAMP轨道相比,均方根误差(RMS)在10 cm以内.     

SINS/Two-Antenna GPS组合导航系统设计及实现

对SINS／two—antenna GPS全组合导航系统进行了研究，建立了相应的误差模型和系统观测模型，特别是组合系统下的GPS载波相位双差观测模型。提出了一种扩展的卡尔曼滤波方法，并进行了系统硬件集成设计。仿真结果表明：该设计改善了系统性能，提高了导航定位的精度、可靠性和实用性。     

捷联惯组空间八点减振IMU组合设计CSCD

为了研究捷联惯组空间八点减振IMU组合的力学性能及其在抑制线角耦合方面的作用,采用NX三维建模及ANSYS仿真分析工具对IMU组合的刚度、减振器的线角频率、减振性能方面进行了充分的理论验证。同时,推导出平衡机的调平原理,通过调平使IMU弹性中心与质心重合,然后对惯组进行振动试验,观察其减振性能及三向陀螺角速度输出值。结果表明,经理论分析该IMU组合模态为875.7Hz,具备足够的刚度;减振器线角频率差值在50Hz以上,具有较高的离散度。经试验验证,该IMU组合调平小于0.1mm时,减振效率不低于42%,三向陀螺角速度输出不大于11(°)/s,具有较好的力学环境适应性与极高的角速度输出特性。     

Location of layered structures in the ionosphere and atmosphere by use of GPS occultation data

A method is introduced to locate the layered structures in the atmosphere and ionosphere based on simultaneous observations of radio wave intensity and phase variations in trans-ionospheric satellite-to-satellite links. The method determines location of a tangent point on the trans-ionospheric ray trajectory where gradient of refractivity is perpendicular to the ray trajectory and influence of a layered structure on radio wave parameters is maximal. An estimate of the location of a layer can be obtained from a combination of the phase and intensity variations. This new technique was applied to measurements provided during FORMOSAT-3 and CHAMP radio occultation (RO) missions. For the considered RO events the location of the inclined plasma layer in the lower ionosphere is found and the electron density distribution is retrieved. The method is checked by measuring the location of the tangent point on the ray trajectory in the neutral gas in the atmosphere. The results showed a fairly good agreement.     

South American regional ionospheric maps computed by GESA: A pilot service in the framework of SIRGAS

SIRGAS (Geocentric Reference Frame for the Americas) is an international enterprise of the geodetic community that aims to realize the Terrestrial Reference Frame in the America’s countries. In order to fulfill this commitment, SIRGAS manages a network of continuously operational GNSS receivers totalling around one hundred sites in the Caribbean, Central, and South American region. Although the network was not planed for ionospheric studies, its potential to be used for such a purpose was recently recognized and SIRGAS started a pilot experiment devoted to establish a regular service for computing and releasing regional vertical TEC (vTEC) maps based on GNSS data. Since July, 2005, the GESA (Geodesia Espacial y Aeronomía) laboratory belonging to the Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas of the Universidad Nacional de La Plata computes hourly maps of vertical Total Electron Content (vTEC) in the framework of the SIRGAS pilot experiment. These maps exploit all the GNSS data available in the South American region and are computed with the LPIM (La Plata Ionospheric Model). LPIM implements a de-biasing procedure that improves data calibration in relation to other procedures commonly used for such purposes. After calibration, slant TEC measurements are converted to vertical and mapped using local-time and modip latitude. The use of modip latitude smoothed the spatial variability of vTEC, especially in the South American low latitude region and hence allows for a better vTEC interpolation. This contribution summarizes the results obtained by GESA in the framework of the SIRGAS pilot experiment.     

用GPS信息的惯导快速对准方法

如何快速、准确地完成惯导系统的初始对准一直是惯导系统研究的关键技术,方位对准精度和对准时间的矛盾至今未能很好地得到解决。为解决这一问题,本文提出了双全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）同惯性导航系统（ＩＮＳ）进行深组合的方法。仿真结果表明,该方法使方位对准时间缩短为不到２ｍｉｎ,精度达到１４．６７（″）,较好地解决了方位对准问题,同时也提高了导航精度。     

SINS空中初始对准滤波器的设计

论述了一种捷联惯导系统（ＳＩＮＳ）空中对准的方法，它通过适当地增加卡尔曼滤波器系统方程中的白噪声来补偿由模型简化而带来的系统噪声，并通过大幅度的机动来克服外界环境的干扰。仿真表明，它不仅能在较短的对准时间内获得高对准精度，而且对系统噪声和环境噪声有很强的鲁棒性。     

Effects of physical correlations on long-distance GPS positioning and zenith tropospheric delay estimates

The global positioning system (GPS) has become an essential tool for the high precision navigation and positioning. The quality of GPS positioning results mainly depends on the model’s formulations regarding GPS observations, including both a functional model, which describes the mathematical relationships between the GPS measurements and unknown parameters, and a stochastic model, which reflects the physical properties of the measurements. Over the past two decades, the functional models for GPS measurements have been investigated in considerable detail. However, the stochastic models of GPS observation data are simplified, assuming that all the GPS measurements have the same variance and are statistically independent. Such assumptions are unrealistic. Although a few studies of GPS stochastic models were performed, they are restricted to short baselines and short time session lengths. In this paper, the stochastic modeling for GPS long-baseline and zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) estimates with a 24-h session is investigated using the residual-based and standard stochastic models. Results show that using the different stochastic modelling methods, the total differences can reach as much as 3–6 mm in the baseline component, especially in the height component, and 10 mm in the ZTD estimation. Any misspecification in the stochastic models will result in unreliable GPS baseline and ZTD estimations. Using the residual-based stochastic model, not only the precision of GPS baseline and ZTD estimation is obviously improved, but also the baseline and ZTD estimations are closer to the reference value.     

The impact on tsunami detection from space using GNSS-reflectometry when combining GPS with GLONASS and Galileo

The devastating Sumatra tsunami in 2004 demonstrated the need for a tsunami early warning system in the Indian Ocean. Such a system has been installed within the German-Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (GITEWS) project. Tsunamis are a global phenomenon and for global observations satellites are predestined. Within the GITEWS project a feasibility study on a future tsunami detection system from space has therefore been carried out. The Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is an innovative way of using GNSS signals for remote sensing. It uses ocean reflected GNSS signals for sea surface altimetry. With a dedicated Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellation of satellites equipped with GNSS-R receivers, densely spaced sea surface height measurements could be established to detect tsunamis. Some general considerations on the geometry between LEO and GNSS are made in this simulation study. It exemplary analyzes the detection performance of a GNSS-R constellation at 900 km altitude and 60° inclination angle when applied to the Sumatra tsunami as it occurred in 2004. GPS is assumed as signal source and the combination with GLONASS and Galileo signals is investigated. It can be demonstrated, that the combination of GPS and Galileo is advantageous for constellations with few satellites while the combination with GLONASS is preferable for constellations with many satellites. If all three GNSS are combined, the best detection performance can be expected for all scenarios considered. In this case an 18 satellite constellation will detect the Sumatra tsunami within 17 min with certainty, while it takes 53 min if only GPS is considered.