“嫦娥4号”中继星伞状可展开天线设计与验证

伞状可展开天线是"嫦娥4号"中继星为着陆于月球背面的"嫦娥4号"着陆器和巡视器提供中继通信的关键单机。对伞状可展开天线的设计原理和构造进行了描述,对天线在轨展开、网面成型与保持、超低温环境适应性等技术难点开展了分析。天线在轨展开采用缓释弹簧分布式驱动展开技术,具有布局灵活、轻便、安装体积小、可靠性高的优点,并开展了寿命、热真空环境展开等试验,验证了天线展开技术的正确性;采用双层网结构设计形式实现天线网面成型与保持,优化了张力网节点数量,开展了型面精度测试和型面在轨热变形预示,验证了天线在轨型面精度达到亚毫米级的设计指标,进一步确保了天线在轨性能满足任务要求;天线部组件最低温度达到–250℃的超低温环境验证结果,表明天线经历超低温环境存储后,结构无损坏,性能无下降,满足天线在轨环境适应性的要求,有效地支撑了"嫦娥4号"中继星中继通信任务的顺利执行。     

面向映射单调性的TC4初生α相晶粒尺寸超声评价方法

随着被检对象微观组织结构复杂信息的增加,以误差最小为目标来建立有效的评价曲线越来越难,针对这一问题提出了一种以单调性为目标的TC4钛合金初生α相晶粒尺寸超声评价方法。依据相关性度量从多个超声参数中选取有效参数,经映射函数降成单维参数并归一化处理后与晶粒尺寸进行一次项拟合,构建以单调性（特征参数样本点依次序列差值同时为正或为负）最大为目标的优化问题并结合自适应差分进化（SADE）算法进行求解,寻找最佳的映射函数和拟合函数系数,最终建立映射单调性的多参数超声评价模型。实验结果表明,因考虑了单调性的重要性且与误差为目标的评价模型相比,所建模型的评价效应更显优势。与单一参数的声速模型、衰减系数模型和非线性系数模型对比分析,所建模型误差小、单调性好、性能稳定且有着评价结果精度高等特点。     

基于AT89S52的移动机器人控制系统设计

本文介绍了三轮结构型移动机器人的运动控制系统的结构和工作原理,采用分级式控制的方法,以AT89S52作为底层控制系统的核心控制器,介绍了系统的硬件和软件设计。经过实验测试,能够满足移动机器人运动控制要求。     

N-fold Bernoulli probability based adaptive fast-tracking algorithm and its application to autonomous aerial refuelling

Recently, deep learning has been widely utilized for object tracking tasks. However, deep learning encounters limits in tasks such as Autonomous Aerial Refueling (AAR), where the target object can vary substantially in size, requiring high-precision real-time performance in embedded systems. This paper presents a novel embedded adaptiveness single-object tracking framework based on an improved YOLOv4 detection approach and an n-fold Bernoulli probability theorem. First, an Asymmetric Convolutional Network (ACNet) and dense blocks are combined with the YOLOv4 architecture to detect small objects with high precision when similar objects are in the background. The prior object information, such as its location in the previous frame and its speed, is utilized to adaptively track objects of various sizes. Moreover, based on the n-fold Bernoulli probability theorem, we develop a filter that uses statistical laws to reduce the false positive rate of object tracking. To evaluate the efficiency of our algorithm, a new AAR dataset is collected, and extensive AAR detection and tracking experiments are performed. The results demonstrate that our improved detection algorithm is better than the original YOLOv4 algorithm on small and similar object detection tasks; the object tracking algorithm is better than state-of-the-art object tracking algorithms on refueling drogue tracking tasks.     

灵巧型大孔径四反星敏感器镜头设计

星敏感器镜头是星敏感器姿态轨道控制系统的重要组成部分，具有相对孔径大、工作谱段宽、绝对畸变低的特点，针对这些特点，在四反射镜初始结构的基础上，分析了镜头探测能力和相对孔径的关系，明确了镜头设计指标，利用非球面反射镜强大的像差校正能力，优化设计得到了全反射4反星敏感器镜头。镜头焦距170mm，轴向长度50mm，镜头F数2，等效入瞳直径51.2mm，圆视场±2.25°。镜头工作波段可由膜系决定，无色差，空间频率35lp/mm处传递函数优于0.6，畸变优于0.01%，弥散斑直径优于13μm，系统15μm范围内能量集中度优于80%，渐晕系数小于0.95，该镜头可用于亚像素精度的飞船姿态轨道控制系统，为星敏感器导航光学系统设计提供了参考。     

航天用FR4 材料的本征电导率测试

介质材料电导率是影响卫星充电过程的重要材料参数,它决定着航天器上电荷的分布状态以及电流平 衡建立的快慢。常规的电导率测量方法完全不考虑空间真实带电环境,其测试结果用于卫星带电防护设计将会产生 较大的误差。本文建立了用传统三电极法和电荷衰减法测试介质材料本征电导率的测试系统,对卫星常用的FR4 材 料进行了测试,测试结果与国外的结果相近。     

Si粉特性对反应烧结Si3N4多孔陶瓷的强韧性及介电性能的调控作用

Si₃N₄多孔陶瓷具有优异的力学性能、介电性能、热学性能和化学稳定性等，特别适用于高温、大载荷、强侵蚀环境下的宽频透波材料。反应烧结Si₃N₄多孔陶瓷在性能、工艺和成本方面优势显著，原料Si粉特性显著控制着其物相、显微结构、力学和介电性能。本文以不同粒径和纯度的Si粉为原料制备注凝成形、反应烧结Si₃N₄多孔陶瓷。结果表明，双粒径配料使素坯产生紧密堆积效应，其遗传并进一步演化出两级显微组织强韧化机制，双粒径配料5 & 45 μm时的弯曲强度和断裂功获得最大值109.94 MPa和990.74 J/m²。该值分别比单粒径配料5和45 μm时的值提高了111.42%、25.97%和46.55%、20.46%；介电常数和介电损耗分别约为4.20和0.007。注凝成形、反应烧结Si₃N₄多孔陶瓷可以兼顾力学性能和介电性能，适用于透波罩等异形、大尺寸构件。     

Biaxial tensile behavior of Ti-6Al-4V under proportional loading

The biaxial tensile behavior of isotropic Ti-6Al-4 V is characterized in this paper. A novel cruciform specimen was designed and optimized to achieve uniform stress and strain distribution within the gauge area. Biaxial tensile tests were conducted at three different loading ratios by the biaxial testing machine. The Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique was applied to determine strain distribution, and a high-speed camera was employed to record the fracture process. An Inverse Analysis (IA) approach with a combined experimental and numerical method was proposed to determine the true stresses at the gauge section of the specimen during biaxial tensile tests. The results indicate that the initial yield locus can be described by the Cazacu criterion accurately, whereas the Mises criterion can predict better the strengthening behavior of Ti-6Al-4 V in the first quadrant in the principal stress space.     

CFRP/TC4叠层结构制孔技术对比实验

因CFRP、TC4材料的物理性能差异较大，导致CFRP/TC4叠层构件切削性能匹配性较差，钻削过程中存在界面损伤、CFRP孔壁损伤难以调控的问题。针对上述问题，本文采用变参数啄式钻削工艺、变参数钻削工艺和恒参数钻削工艺对CFRP/TC4叠层结构进行了制孔实验，并对不同工艺条件下的轴向力、界面质量、TC4的切屑形态、CFRP层孔壁质量进行了对比分析。结果表明：相对于其他两种钻削工艺，在变参数啄式钻削工艺条件下，TC4材料层轴向力明显较高，产生短带状和短螺旋状切屑；CFRP层出口和入口处的孔径更接近于名义孔径，孔壁缺陷较少，表面粗糙度相对较小。     

Hardware qualification for scientific ballooning missions

The European Stratospheric Balloon Observatory (ESBO) initiative aims at simplifying the access to stratospheric balloon missions. We plan to provide platforms and support with instrument design in order to support scientists. During the design process, the inevitable question of qualification for the harsh flight conditions arises. Unfortunately, there is no existing standard for qualification of stratospheric ballooning hardware. Thus, we developed a qualification procedure for use within ESBO and similar projects.In this paper, we present our analysis of the environmental conditions in the stratosphere. While conditions at typical balloon float altitudes are similar to the space environment, there are also some relevant differences. For example, the thermal environment is dominated by radiation and thermal conduction, but the remaining atmosphere still supports a certain amount of convection. The remaining atmospheric pressure in the stratosphere also leads to reduced arcing distances. Vibrational loads are far less than for space missions, but quasi-static or shock loads may occur. The criticality of radiation increases with mission duration.Based on the environmental conditions, we present the qualification procedures for ESBO, which are based on the European Cooperation for Space Standardization (ECSS) standards for space systems. Overtesting against too high requirements leads to overengineering, driving mission cost and mitigating the advantages of balloons over space missions. Therefore, we modified the ECSS standards to fit typical scientific ballooning missions over several days at altitudes up to 40 km. Furthermore, we analyzed design rules for space systems with regard to their relevance for scientific ballooning, including material and component selection. We present the experience from the hardware qualification process for the ESBO prototype STUDIO (Stratospheric UV Demonstrator of an Imaging Observatory). Even though boundary conditions are different for each individual mission, we aimed for a broader approach: We investigated more general requirements for scientific ballooning missions to support future flights.