蠕脆性材料的高温稳态裂纹扩展研究

推导了相似准则Ｒｅｃ，其描述了稳态扩展的蠕脆性理解尖变形奇异场，由７１８合金的蠕脆性理解纹扩展试验结果得到准则关联式，从而得到蠕脆性裂纹稳态扩展的速率公式，用扫描电子显微镜研究了蠕脆性裂纹稳态扩展的微观机理。     

密度和形状因子变化时金属橡胶材料的本构关系

 以多孔材料理论为基础,干摩擦非线性理论为依据,并结合小曲梁模型建立了金属橡胶材料的非线性本构关系,通过对14种密度和形状因子都不同的空心圆柱形金属橡胶材料做力与位移关系试验,并对试验数据进行拟合,得到了非线性本构关系模型中的各项系数值、材料的密度、材料的形状因子三者之间的变化关系式。由该关系式可知,当材料的密度和形状因子同时发生变化时,已知一种金属橡胶材料的密度和形状因子,就可预估该材料的各项系数值,从而就可预估金属橡胶材料在密度和形状因子同时发生变化情况下的非线性本构关系。最后从14种试件以外取2种金属橡胶试件进行算例验证,证明所采用的预估金属橡胶材料在密度和形状因子同时发生变化时的非线性本构关系的方法是合理的、有效的。     

航空发动机性能参数约简方法研究

对航空发动机进行性能参数约简以提取关键参数,是提高故障识别准确率和可靠度的必要条件,为此提出两种性能参数约简算法.基于灰色聚类算法的参数约简,首先计算参数间的灰色关联度,然后选取聚类中心进行聚类以提取特征参数.基于模糊粗糙集的参数约简,首先利用模糊聚类算法对连续数据进行离散化处理,然后用粗糙集理论进行参数约简.用某型航空发动机实际监测数据进行验证,结果表明:两种方法约简结果一致,以此约简结果进行故障诊断可提高诊断率,缩减运算时间.     

Measuring reliability under epistemic uncertainty:Review on non-probabilistic reliability metrics

In this paper, a systematic review of non-probabilistic reliability metrics is conducted to assist the selection of appropriate reliability metrics to model the influence of epistemic uncertainty. Five frequently used non-probabilistic reliability metrics are critically reviewed, i.e., evidence-theory-based reliability metrics, interval-analysis-based reliability metrics, fuzzy-interval-analysis-based reliability metrics, possibility-theory-based reliability metrics (posbist reliability) and uncertainty-theory-based reliability metrics (belief reliability). It is pointed out that a qualified reli-ability metric that is able to consider the effect of epistemic uncertainty needs to (1) compensate the conservatism in the estimations of the component-level reliability metrics caused by epistemic uncertainty, and (2) satisfy the duality axiom, otherwise it might lead to paradoxical and confusing results in engineering applications. The five commonly used non-probabilistic reliability metrics are compared in terms of these two properties, and the comparison can serve as a basis for the selection of the appropriate reliability metrics.     

激励理论与人力资源管理中员工的有效激励

激励作为一种组织内部的管理手段,对组织内部发展和员工的积极性提高方面有着不可估量的作用.结合传统的激励理论对组织内部激励策略的解释,分析了激励对提高组织绩效、优化组织管理、增强组织向心力等方面的作用,以及如何依据组织内部条件对员工进行有效激励.     

A new stationary droplet evaporation model and its validation

The liquid droplet evaporation character is important for not only combustion chamber design process but also high-accuracy spray combustion simulation.In this paper,the suspended droplets' evaporation character was measured in a quiescent high-temperature environment by micro high-speed camera system.The gasoline and kerosene experimental results are consistent with the reference data.Methanol,common kerosene and aviation kerosene droplet evaporation characteristics,as well as their evaporation rate changing with temperature,were obtained.The evaporation rate experimental data were compared with the prediction result of Ranz-Marshall boiling temperature model (RMB),Ranz-Marshall low-temperature model (RML),drift flux model (DFM),mass analogy model (MAM),and stagnant film model (SFM).The disparity between the experimental data and the model prediction results was mainly caused by the neglect of the nat ural convection effect,which was never introduced into the droplet evaporation concept.A new droplet evaporation model with consideration of natural convection buoyancy force effect was proposed in this paper.Under the experimental conditions in this paper,the calculation results of the new droplet evaporation model were agreed with the experimental data for kerosene,methanol and other fuels,with less than 20％ relative deviations.The relative deviations between the new evaporation model predictions for kerosene and the experimental data from the references were within 10％.     

纤维金属层板的静力学性能测试与预测模型

为研究纤维金属层板(FML)的非线性变形行为和损伤机制,对GLARE2-2/1、GLARE2-3/2、GLARE3-2/1、GLARE3-3/2、GLARE6-2/1和GLARE6-3/2层板进行了静力拉伸测试,同时采用数字图像相关(DIC)技术观测了GLARE2-3/2、GLARE3-3/2和GLARE6-3/2试样的全场应变,基于修正的经典层板理论建立了考虑金属层塑性和预浸料层损伤的理论本构模型,模拟预测了GLARE层板的轴向弹性模量、断裂强度和应力-应变曲线,与测试结果进行了对比分析。对经历载荷作用的试样,采用腐蚀去层的方法研究了内部预浸料层的损伤。结果显示:铺层增加后受损伤预浸料层的性能退化更多,采用DIC技术能够有效检测静力拉伸载荷下GLARE试样内预浸料层的损伤,理论模型方法能够很好地模拟GLARE试样的静力拉伸试验过程。     

基于满意博弈论的复杂低空飞行冲突解脱方法

复杂低空空域环境下多飞行器冲突解脱方法可以有效地提供冲突解脱策略,实时规划飞行器四维航迹,避免飞行器之间发生危险接近事故或者碰撞,从而保障空域运行安全。然而,随着飞行器数目的不断增长,冲突解脱面临"维数灾难",导致问题具有高维度、强耦合等难点。因此,传统的优化方案难以得到令人满意的方案。为了提高冲突解脱效率,保障运行安全,基于满意博弈论方法,考虑低空飞行器运动特点,构建冲突解脱模型,设计冲突解脱方法。飞行器主要采用改变航向角的策略。通过基于条件概率的方法来建立"社会关系",即当前飞机所做的决策对其他飞机产生的影响。每个飞行器在决策时,都会受到优先级比自己高的决策者的影响。基于满意博弈论的冲突解脱方法不仅可以有效地解决当前飞行器的冲突问题,而且兼顾探测范围内的其他飞行器,避免当前解脱策略导致与其他飞行器冲突,实现整体最优化。最后,通过在极端典型飞行冲突场景中实验验证表明,基于满意博弈论的冲突解脱方法可以实时高效实现大规模飞行器的冲突解脱,保障飞行安全且控制经济成本。     

复合材料易碎盖薄弱区结构设计分析

 针对复合材料易碎盖关键部位薄弱区结构进行设计,并采用数值模拟方法对其力学性能进行了研究。首先对易碎盖整体进行数值模拟,为薄弱区结构局部模型分析提供了边界条件与载荷。其次通过局部数值模拟结果结合相应的强度准则,预测了相应的易碎盖冲破压力,并通过对易碎盖实验件进行冲破实验验证了设计方案与理论方法的准确性。最后讨论了薄弱区参数对易碎盖冲破压力的影响。     

飞机起落架气动噪声特性仿真与试验

 对某型飞机前起落架的气动噪声特性进行了数值仿真分析和声学风洞试验研究。在典型飞机着陆速度下,采用分离涡(DES)方法模拟起落架周围非定常湍流流场,通过涡声理论计算声源的强度和位置,并利用FW-H(Ffowcs-Williams/Hawkings)方程积分外推法求解出不同部件及其组合件产生的声场,分析其噪声的产生机制、频谱特性及远场指向特性,同时评估各部件对总噪声的贡献量。在声学风洞中对轮胎和轮叉组合件进行气动声学试验,借助麦克风测量获得了噪声的频谱特性。基于部件固体表面积分计算的仿真结果与试验结果在声学远场条件下吻合较好。仿真结果表明:起落架气动噪声是钝体绕流噪声和空腔噪声的叠加,呈现宽频噪声的特性。强度最大的声源主要分布在起落架各部件的固体表面;轮胎噪声对总噪声的贡献最大,其次是轮叉噪声,支柱噪声对总噪声贡献最小。各部件噪声和总噪声均具有偶极子声源的辐射特性。空间可穿透积分面计算的声压级结果比固体表面计算的声压级结果大5 dB左右。该研究结果为低噪声起落架设计提供了一定的参考。