Panel/full-span free-wake coupled method for unsteady aerodynamics of helicopter rotor blade

A full-span free-wake method is coupled with an unsteady panel method to accurately predict the unsteady aerodynamics of helicopter rotor blades in hover and forward flight. The unsteady potential-based panel method is used to consider aerodynamics of finite thickness multi-bladed rotors, and the full-span free-wake method is applied to simulating dynamics of rotor wake. These methods are tightly coupled through trailing-edge Kutta condition and by converting doublet-wake panels to full-span vortex filaments. A velocity-field integration technique is also adopted to overcome singularity problem during the interaction between the rotor wake and blades. Helicopter rotors including Caradonna-Tung, UH-60A, and AH-1G rotors, are simulated in hover and forward flight to validate the accuracy of this approach. The predicted aerodynamic loads of rotor blades agree well with available measured data and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results, and the unsteady dynamics of rotor wake is also well simulated. Compared to CFD, the present method obtains accurate results more efficiently and is suitable to rotorcraft aeroelastic analysis.     

叶根缘板过渡处特征模拟件双轴弯曲振动疲劳试验研究

摘要：针对转子叶片叶根缘板过渡处高应力比弯曲振动疲劳问题,采用转子叶片结构细节刻画方法设计了特征模拟件,实现了对叶根缘板过渡特征的几何刻画和应力分布模拟。基于模态差异化方法,设计了试验夹具及调频质量块。搭建了模拟件双轴弯曲振动试验系统,试验过程中试样处于高频弯曲振动状态下（>1kHz）,测得的试样考核点弯曲应变幅稳定,所搭建试验系统实现了轴向拉伸-高频弯曲振动的转子叶片典型双轴载荷施加。试样宏观断裂位置与有限元计算最大应力点一致,对断口进行了宏/微观分析确定了试样断口疲劳源与裂纹扩展特征,证明采用结构细节刻画方法进行试样设计的合理性及所搭建试验加载系统可行性。     

基于体积力模型的大S弯进气道与风扇耦合计算研究

为理解超紧凑大S弯进气道与风扇的耦合效应,基于体积力模拟方法开展了一体化计算研究。研究的进气道长径比为2.5,使用Rotor 67进行耦合分析,体积力模型与冻结转子计算得到的总压比、总温比和等熵效率分别相差4.49%,0.26%和2.38%。流场分析表明,风扇对入口段流场影响较为明显,主要体现为畸变区的顺向偏转与微弱衰减;进气道出口畸变经过风扇叶片后得到改善,大低压区和反向旋流基本消失;而流体在叶片的前后缘旋流角与轴向速度的综合改变量越大,风扇对气流做功越多。总的来说,超紧凑大S弯进气道与风扇之间耦合比较明显,需要在设计时进行详细的考察。     

卫星大型旋转载荷动平衡控制应用研究

卫星携带的转动体的动不平衡对星体产生非期望的干扰力矩,进而影响卫星姿态,为此在卫星高品质运动控制中必须对转动体的动平衡特性进行控制。本文在建立卫星多挠性体姿态动力学模型的同时,分析了动平衡检测在转动体残余干扰力矩分析中的应用,提出了大型旋转载荷动平衡控制方法和流程,最后通过实际工程应用情况,验证了该动平衡控制方法和流程的实用性和有效性。     

对转双转子系统临界转速求解方法的改进与对比

为解决对转双转子航空发动机临界转速求解的难题,满足转子动力学设计需求,结合商业有限元软件,给出直接法和完全法两种临界转速求解方法,并结合算例详细论述了方法的理论基础和求解过程,最终以谐响应分析结果加以验证.研究结果表明:基于商业有限元软件特征值分析的完全法不需要任何振型信息,就可对正反进动曲线进行区分,极大简化了对转双...     

航空发动机高压转子试验模型的动力学相似设计

为了获得能够替代航空发动机转子原型进行动力学试验的模型，提出了发动机转子系统试验模型的动力学相似设计方法。采用相似理论推导了转子系统缩比模型的动力学相似准则，继而建立缩比模型与原型的动力学相似关系。通过动力学优化方法对转子缩比模型的动力学等效模型进行修正，目标函数由固有频率、临界转速和振型组成。以双转子发动机高压转子系统的动力学相似设计为例，通过有限元仿真对设计方法的有效性进行了验证。结果表明，在设计转速范围内，动力学相似模型与原型的前两阶临界转速相似误差分别为3.92%和0.86%，对应振型的相关性均大于0.98，且模型与原型的模态应变能分布基本一致。通过该方法获得的动力学相似模型能够较好地预测原型的动力学特性，并有效降低模型试验的成本和难度。     

Nonlinear interval analysis of rotor response with joints under uncertainties

The dynamic influence of joints in aero-engine rotor systems is investigated in this paper. Firstly, the tangential stiffness and loss factor are obtained from an isolated lap joint setup with dynamic excitation experiments. Also, the influence of the normal contact pressure and the excitation level are examined, which revel the uncertainty in joints. Then, the updated Thin Layer Elements (TLEs) method with fitted parameters based on the experiments is established to simulate the dynamic properties of joints on the interface. The response of the rotor subjected to unbalance excitation is calculated, and the results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Meanwhile, using the Chebyshev inclusion function and a direct iteration algorithm, a nonlinear interval analysis method is established to consider the uncertainty of parameters in joints. The accuracy is proved by comparison with results obtained using the Monte-Carlo method. Combined with the updated TLEs, the nonlinear Chebyshev method is successfully applied on a finite model of a rotor. The study shows that substantial attention should be paid to the dynamical design for the joint in rotor systems, the dynamic properties of joints under complex loading and the corresponding interval analysis method need to be intensively studied.     

Effects of tooth bending damage on the leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals

Tooth bending damage resulting from an intense impact by the rotor sometimes occurs in the transient operation. To investigate the influence of after-damage clearance and tooth bending length on the leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals, three tooth bending damages were taken into consideration, including the unbent tooth damage (abbreviated as Unbent), the partial tooth bending damage (abbreviated as Pbent) and the complete tooth bending damage (abbreviated as Cbent). The transient CFD solution was utilized to calculate the leakage flow rates and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals with clearances of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 mm for three tooth bending damages. The obtained result shows that the Unbent tooth damage leaks least while the Pbent tooth bending damage leaks most, and an increase of 6.1% for Cbent tooth bending damage and an increase of 19.4% for Pbent tooth bending damage are discovered at the tooth clearance of 0.6 mm in comparison with the Unbent tooth damage. Compared to the Unbent tooth damage, the effective damping for Pbent tooth bending damage and Cbent tooth bending damage is lower and drops by 9.7%–33.6% and 8.5%–22.6% respectively at the tooth clearance of 0.6 mm, suggesting that Pbent tooth bending damage or Cbent tooth bending damage tends to weaken the seal stability when compared to the Unbent tooth damage.     

Nonlinear characteristic investigation of magnetorheological damper-rotor system with local nonlinearity

Magnetorheological (MR) dampers show superior performance in reducing rotor vibration, but their high nonlinearity will cause nonsynchronous response, resulting in fatigue and instability of rotors. Herein, we are devoted to the investigation of the nonlinear characteristics of MR damper mounted on a flexible rotor. First, Reynolds equations with bilinear constitutive equations of MR fluid are employed to derive nonlinear oil film forces. Then, the Finite Element (FE) model of rotor system is developed, where the local nonlinear support forces produced by MR damper and its coupling effects with the rotor are considered. A hybrid numerical method is proposed to solve the nonlinear FE motion equations of the MR damper-rotor system. To validate the proposed model, a rotor test bench with two dual-coil MR dampers is constructed, upon which experimental studies on the dynamic characteristics of MR damper-rotor system are carried out. The effects of different system parameters, including rotational speed, excitation current and amount of unbalance, on nonlinear dynamic behaviors of MR damper-rotor system are evaluated. The results show that the system may appear chaos, jumping, and other complex nonlinear phenomena, and the level of the nonlinearity can be effectively alleviated by applying suitable excitation current and oil supply pressure.     

Integrated optimization analyses of aerodynamic/stealth characteristics of helicopter rotor based on surrogate model

Based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method,electromagnetic high-frequency method and surrogate model optimization techniques,an integration design method about aerodynamic/stealth has been established for helicopter rotor.The developed integration design method is composed of three modules:integrated grids generation(the moving-embedded grids for CFD solver and the blade grids for radar cross section(RCS)solver are generated by solving Poisson equations and folding approach),aerodynamic/stealth solver(the aerodynamic characteristics are simulated by CFD method based upon Navier–Stokes equations and Spalart–Allmaras(S–A)turbulence model),and the stealth characteristics are calculated by using a panel edge method combining the method of physical optics(PO),equivalent currents(MEC)and quasi-stationary(MQS),and integrated optimization analysis(based upon the surrogate model optimization technique with full factorial design(FFD)and radial basis function(RBF)),an integrated optimization analyses on aerodynamic/stealth characteristics of rotor are conducted.Firstly,the scattering characteristics of the rotor with different blade-tip swept and twist angles have been carried out,then time–frequency domain grayscale with strong scattering regions of rotor have been given.Meanwhile,the effects of swept-tip and twist angles on the aerodynamic characteristic of rotor have been performed.Furthermore,by choosing suitable object function and constraint condition,the compromised design about swept and twist combinations of rotor with high aerodynamic performances and low scattering characteristics has been given at last.