Aerodynamic shape optimization for alleviating dynamic stall characteristics of helicopter rotor airfoil

In order to alleviate the dynamic stall effects in helicopter rotor, the sequential quadratic programming(SQP) method is employed to optimize the characteristics of airfoil under dynamic stall conditions based on the SC1095 airfoil. The geometry of airfoil is parameterized by the class-shape-transformation(CST) method, and the C-topology body-fitted mesh is then automatically generated around the airfoil by solving the Poisson equations. Based on the grid generation technology, the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations are chosen as the governing equations for predicting airfoil flow field and the highly-efficient implicit scheme of lower–upper symmetric Gauss–Seidel(LU-SGS) is adopted for temporal discretization. To capture the dynamic stall phenomenon of the rotor more accurately, the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model is employed to close the RANS equations. The optimized airfoil with a larger leading edge radius and camber is obtained. The leading edge vortex and trailing edge separation of the optimized airfoil under unsteady conditions are obviously weakened, and the dynamic stall characteristics of optimized airfoil at different Mach numbers, reduced frequencies and angles of attack are also obviously improved compared with the baseline SC1095 airfoil. It is demonstrated that the optimized method is effective and the optimized airfoil is suitable as the helicopter rotor airfoil.     

航空发动机双转子系统临界转速求解方法

针对航空发动机转子动力学设计需求,将有限元法与振型筛选法相结合,提出适于工程应用的临界转速求解方法,结合算例详细论述了完全法和缩减法的求解过程。研究结果表明:两种求解方法的结果完全一致,而缩减法求解过程迭代次数少,更为方便;某双转子系统,顺转时存在5阶临界转速,而反转时在相同的转速范围内将增加n=3,n=4和n=5的反进动临界转速,临界转速的密集性导致反转转子的动力学设计更为复杂。     

Rotor airfoil aerodynamic design method and wind tunnel test verification

Well-designed airfoil is very important for high-performance rotor. This paper developed an efficient multi-objective and multi-constraint optimization design system for rotor airfoils based on RANS analysis, and verified the performance of the optimized airfoil. Using CRA09-A as the baseline rotor airfoil, the CRA09-B optimized rotor airfoil was designed successfully. Combined with the foundation of high-precision rotor airfoil stationary test technology, the CRA09-B and CRA09-A rotor airfoils were tested in the S3MA high-speed wind tunnel of ONERA. In order to correct the aerodynamic data, a single parameter linear wall pressure method is used to consider the tunnel effects. The results indicate that multi-objective and multi-constraint optimization design method developed in this study is reliable, and that CRA09-B optimized airfoil provides better stationary performance than CRA09-A airfoil in terms of maximum lift coefficient and lift-to-drag ratio.     

油膜轴承动态特性参数及转子不平衡的统一识别

将转子不平衡作为引起转子-轴承系统振动的主要原因,本文提出了一种现场、在线识别转子系统油膜轴承动态特性参数及转子不平衡的时域方法。本方法充分利用转子的结构及模态参数以解决测点不足和激振力不可测量等问题。同传统的参数识别方法相比,本方法具有现场、在线、不需人工激振、设备简单等优点。实验结果证明了方法的可行性。     

超声速来流基元叶型前缘加工误差气动敏感性分析

为研究叶型前缘加工误差对叶栅气动性能敏感性,以NASA Rotor 67转子70%叶高截面基元级叶型为研究对象,选择Clamped型非均匀B样条曲线实现叶型前缘数学描述。采用单因素法建立叶型前缘加工误差模型,提炼出叶片弦长误差、前缘轮廓度误差、几何进气角误差三个误差模型;随后结合L9(34)正交实验及数值模拟方法研究超声速来流条件下三维直列叶栅不同前缘误差类型对叶栅气动性能的敏感性。正交实验极差分析及显著性分析均表明:前缘轮廓度误差FP是影响叶栅气动性能的主要影响因素(75%以上可能性),叶栅性能随前缘轮廓度增加呈现恶化趋势,即叶型前缘越厚,叶栅总压损失越大,扩压能力越小。进一步分析轮廓度误差对叶栅性能影响机制得出:激波损失是叶栅性能随轮廓度误差加大而恶化的重要原因。     

涡轮泵转子的临界转速研究(Ⅰ)均匀支承转子临界转速的传递矩阵法

根据转子振动时的受力和位移状况,分别导出轴、盘和支承的传递矩阵,再根据转子的结构布局导出频率和振幅等的计算方程,可求得转子的各阶临界转速及振幅。传递矩阵法对转子的不同布局方案运用十分方便灵活。还给出了减振阻尼、支承弹性的组合刚度计算方法。计算表明,支承的弹性、阻尼和质量对转子的振动特性（临界转速和振幅）有重大影响,转子与支承的匹配对转子的振动特性能起调节控制作用。     

轴流压气机孤立转子内流场数值模拟

针对跨声速轴流压气机转子叶排中的流动，利用高分辨率的三阶NND格式和LU-SGS隐式推进迭代法，建立了孤立转子内三维N-S方程的高分辨率和高效率的数值分析程序。用该程序分别计算了NASA-37跨声速转子，计算结果表明：所建立的孤立转子程序能够较好的模拟轴流压气机叶排内流动情况。数值分析结果与实验吻合较好，从而证明了该程序的有效性。     

旋翼桨叶绕流Euler方程数值模拟

本研究应用格心格式有限体积法求解欧拉方程,模拟绕旋翼浆叶的流动。旋翼尾流的作用通过自由尾流分析来求解局部的诱导下洗速度以修正翼型攻角。选择O—H型式生成弦向和展向网格。通过算例计算为进一步寻求有效的Euler或NS方程数值解积累了经验。     

畸变进气下叶片弯曲对某转子叶尖区域流场的影响

以跨声速轴流压气机NASA转子11为原型进行周向弯曲改进,对得到的周向弯曲转子与原型转子内流场在相同的进出口条件和设计转速下进行了非定常数值模拟,结果表明:在一个非定常周期的不同时刻,弯曲叶片叶尖前缘压力面与吸力面静压差都小于原型转子,弯曲转子叶尖处低轴向速度气流团的位置相比原型转子更靠近出口,同时弯曲叶片吸力面附面层内的低能流体更不容易向叶尖区域迁移。     

超高速转子系统动力学特性(I):无碰摩转子

为排查超高速转子系统碰摩故障原因,利用混沌、分岔理论,研究了无碰摩转子系统的动力学特性。以实际转子结构为对象:建立物理模型;由拉格朗日(Lagrange)法建立系统动力学方程;用四阶龙格库塔(Runge-Kutta)法数值求解方程;结合分岔图、轴心轨迹、相图、Poincare映射等手段,分析了无故障转子系统的动力学行为及系统参数变化对其动力特性的影响。结果表明:该转子系统动力学状态过渡过程不明显,在全转速域内,振动以高频低幅为主,高速时具有良好的动力稳定性;扭振特征不明显;质量盘之间的动力耦合效应较弱,有利于系统稳定性;对于单个质量盘,弯振和摆振具有同步性和耦合性,横向振动和扭振动力耦合效应较弱。研究结果说明,该转子结构在冷态条件下,不致在高速状态下引起混沌运动状态。