Using high-energy proton fluence to improve risk prediction for consequences of solar particle events

The potential for exposure to large solar particle events (SPEs) with high energy levels is a major concern during interplanetary transfer and extra-vehicular activities (EVAs) on the lunar and Mars surface. Previously, we have used data from the last 5 solar cycles to estimate percentiles of dose to a typical blood-forming organ (BFO) for a hypothetical astronaut in a nominally shielded spacecraft during a 120-d lunar mission. As part of this process, we made use of complete energy spectra for 34 large historical SPEs to calculate what the BFO mGy-Eq dose would have been in the above lunar scenario for each SPE. From these calculated doses, we then developed a prediction model for BFO dose based solely on an assumed value of integrated fluence above 30 MeV (Φ₃₀) for an otherwise unspecified future SPE. In this study, we reasoned that since BFO dose is determined more by protons with higher energies than by those with lower energies, more accurate BFO dose prediction models could be developed using integrated fluence above 60 (Φ₆₀) and above 100 MeV (Φ₁₀₀) as predictors instead of Φ₃₀. However to calculate the unconditional probability of a BFO dose exceeding a pre-specified limit (“BFO dose risk”), one must also take into account the distribution of the predictor (Φ_30,Φ₆₀, or Φ₁₀₀), as estimated from historical SPEs. But Φ₆₀ and Φ₁₀₀ have more variability, and less available historical information on which to estimate their distributions over many SPE occurrences, than does Φ₃₀. Therefore, when estimating BFO dose risk there is a tradeoff between increased BFO dose prediction at a given energy threshold and decreased accuracy of models for describing the distribution of that threshold over future SPEs as the threshold increases. Even when taking the second of these two factors into account, we still arrived at the conclusion that overall prediction improves as the energy level threshold increases from 30 to 60 to 100 MeV. These results can be applied to the development of approaches to improve radiation protection of astronauts and the optimization of mission planning for future space missions.     

航天测控装备跟踪质量考核标准分析

针对航天测控装备在役考核标准缺乏的问题,分析了航天测控（Space tracking telemetry and control,TTC）标准的现状,梳理了可用于在役考核的现有航天装备相关标准。提出了航天测控装备考核跟踪质量稳定性的参考标准,分析了标准对在役考核要求的适用性,并对跟踪质量稳定性考核科目进行了修正扩展。实际工程算例表明考核效果合理有效,跟踪质量稳定性考核标准可为在役考核标准制定提供借鉴参考。     

概率安全评定方法的计算程序及其工程应用

考虑四种主要随机因素：载荷（作用应力）、缺陷尺寸、断裂韧性、流变应力等参数的不确定性,针对较为常见的焊接结构型式,如平板、球罐、圆柱形容器等结构上可能存在的不同缺陷类型,基于双判据失效准则,编制了较为通用的含缺陷焊接结构概率安全评定程序。对国产ＣＦ－６２钢制容积为１５３１ｍ３的球罐可能存在的缺陷进行了概率安全评定,通过对评定参数的敏感性分析,指出了影响其可靠性的关键因素。     

航天发射场加注系统风险评估技术研究

针对航天发射场加注系统风险评估主观随意性较大的问题,提出了基于综合云的多属性风险评估方法,并对某发射场加注系统的运行状态进行了风险评估.首先应用属性约简算法将加注系统风险源权重的确定问题转化为粗糙集理论中属性重要性的评价问题,通过计算得到加注系统各风险源的权重,从而使得加注系统风险源权重的确定更具客观性和合理性;其次,对综合云公式进行了改进,使权重系数直接参与不确定性计算,充分考虑了加注系统性能指标的评分误差给最终结果带来的各种影响.评估结果表明:1)当前使用中的加注泵性能为良偏下,此时的加注系统已经存在了安全隐患,需要更换新的加注泵,否则就容易发生危险;2)该方法能够进一步得到加注系统实际的更多细微信息,结果更加贴近实际.     

MMOD撞击下航天器风险评估系统的发展与启示

微流星体及空间碎片（MMOD）超高速撞击严重威胁在轨航天器安全,而开展MMOD撞击下的航天器失效风险评估是考核验证航天器在轨生存力的有效手段。文章在分析MMOD超高速撞击对航天器的撞击损伤行为和撞击效应的基础上,综述MMOD超高速撞击下航天器风险评估系统的发展情况,以及撞击敏感性、易损性分析等关键技术的最新发展;最后针对国内现状,提出MMOD撞击下航天器风险评估系统的发展建议。     

固体推进剂贮存寿命非破坏性评估方法(Ⅲ)——预测残留寿命延寿法

从动力学理论分析入手,结合推进剂老化特征参数的研究结果,研究了用非破坏性手段预估固体推进剂残留寿命的方法。动力学理论分析表明,反应活化能是老化温度的函数,活化能对老化温度存在线性依赖关系,且活化能对老化温度的依赖关系和指前因子对老化温度的依赖关系是等效的。研究结果表明,影响推进剂寿命的应力问题也可以转化为动力学问题来处理,且应力对推进剂寿命的影响显著。利用新推导的4参数动力学公式,结合适宜的特征参数,建立了预估推进剂残留寿命的非破坏性方法,该方法可用于到期导弹的延寿。     

重大科研项目的风险管理方法

阐述了科研项目风险及风险管理的概念,分析了重大科研项目风险管理的主要内容,包括风险规划、风险评估、风险处理和风险监控,针对一类科研项目,提出了需要重视的8个关键风险区,并对加强科研项目的风险管理提出了3条具体的措施建议。     

固体推进剂贮存寿命非破坏性评估方法(II)——动态力学性能主曲线监测法

对动态力学性能和静态力学性能的关系进行了理论分析,认为二者之间存在对应关系。通过对采用动态力学分析(DMA)法得到的动态储能模量主曲线和材料试验机得到的静态松弛主曲线进行对比,验证了这种关系。提出了根据动态和静态力学性能关系,利用动态储能模量主曲线得到静态松弛模量和静态强度,以评估推进剂老化状态的非破坏性方法。预测值和实测值的比较结果显示,该方法能够较好地评估推进剂的寿命状态。     

Contingency target assessment,trajectory design,and analysis for NASA’s NEA scout solar sail mission

The presented study examines contingency target selection and trajectory design for NASA’s Near-Earth Asteroid Scout mission under the assumption of a missed lunar gravity assist. Two previously considered asteroids are selected as potential targets for the given scenario based on favorable orbital characteristics for launch dates ranging from June 27, 2020 through July 26, 2020. Initially, a simplified circular restricted 3-body problem + ideal solar sail model is utilized to survey trajectory options for a month-long launch window. Selected solutions from this data set are then converged in an N-body ephemeris + non-ideal sail model. Results suggest that NEA Scout can still perform asteroid rendezvous mission under the missed lunar gravity assist scenario with new targets, 2019 GF1, 2018 PK21, and 2007 UN12, based on the target launch dates. Further target assessment is carried out for 165 days beyond the current June 27, 2020 launch date.