复合式直升机技术发展分析

首先根据旋翼技术的特点和复合推进方式的不同,将复合式直升机分成5个类别,分别对5类复合式直升机的发展历程做了扼要介绍。然后,通过技术成熟度与市场需求的发展分析,将复合式直升机的发展归纳为5个阶段,总结了国外复合式直升机的型号发展过程和规律。最后,结合国外发展复合直升机的经验,以及中国直升机技术水平、科研机制的特点,针对中国复合式直升机技术发展提出了一些建议。     

Coordinated optical and Yohkoh observations of 26 June 1992 flare loops

Optical spectra of large flare loops were detected by the Ondejov Multichannel Flare Spectrograph (MFS) during coordinated observations with MSDP at Pic du Midi (H) and the soft X-ray telescope (SXT) on Yohkoh. The CCD video images taken by the MFS slit-jaw camera document the time-development of the flare loops as seen through the H filter. Preliminary analysis of the MSDP images shows the intensity structure of the cool flare loops and their velocity fields. From the spectra we can clearly see the intensity variations along the cool loops. SXT images show the structure of hot X-ray loops similar to that of cool loops. Special attention is devoted to the bright tops, simultaneously observed in X-rays, H and other optical lines. Based on a preliminary analysis of the optical spectra, we speculate about possible mechanisms leading to an observed bright emission at the tops of cool loops. We suggest that direct soft X-ray irradiation of cool loops at their tops could be, at least partly, responsible for such a strong brightening.     

平面五杆并联机构优化的自重构方法

并联机构机械臂具有工作空间小、运动学和动力学运动特性复杂的缺点。基于优化技术,各种并联机器人运动综合技术只能相对地提高机械臂的运动性能,不能保证一定能得到满足实际要求的设计结果。本文提出了机构的动态重构思想,并以五杆并联机械臂为具体对象,研究了机构运动学各向同性的最优综合设计问题,指出可重构并联机构的两种运动阶段：正常运动阶段和机构重构运动阶段,这两个运动阶段可以采用统一的运动性能评价方法进行研究,从理论和方法上指出了一条从本质上提高并联机构运动性能的方法,以平面五杆并联机构为对象给出了计算实例和具体方法。     

低速风洞绳牵引并联支撑系统的机构与模型姿态控制方案设计

首先介绍作为风洞试验中新型"软式"支撑系统的绳牵引并联支撑系统;其次,在给定的设计要求下,依据缩比模型所需运动,探讨绳牵引并联支撑系统的设计原理,并提出详细的设计步骤,得到了一个8根绳牵引的RRPM:WDPSS-8,使缩比为1∶40的F-15E模型可实现的俯仰角达-79°~71°、滚转角达-90°~90°、偏航角达-38°~39°;最后,在建立系统的动力学模型的基础上,采用基于绳长关节空间的驱动力矩控制器的位置控制方案来进行缩比模型的姿态控制,并用Lyapunov函数证明缩比模型在该控制规则下的运动稳定性。     

短舱扰流片对运输机增升装置气动特性的影响

 以民用运输机增升装置复杂增升构型气动设计为背景,针对短舱扰流片对增升构型气动性能的影响,借助数值模拟对流动控制效果和影响机理进行研究。数值结果表明:合理的扰流片设计可以明显改善增升装置的气动特性,提高最大升力系数0.3以上,增大失速迎角3°左右。短舱扰流片安装参数研究表明:短舱扰流片产生旋涡强度对其推迟失速的效果有明显影响;在所研究的范围内,短舱扰流片弦向位置明显影响扰流片的当地来流迎角,进而改变所产生旋涡的强度;扰流片的周向安装角主要影响扰流片的来流强度,同样影响所产生旋涡的强度;扰流片面积对提高升力系数贡献不大,主要影响失速形态。     

面向复杂曲面的爬壁机器人机构及运动学分析

针对表面附有轨道的复杂曲面,提出了一种能够沿轨道移动的爬壁机器人机构.由于环境约束的复杂性,提出了功能分离的模块化机构设计思想,将机器人的功能划分为攀爬及姿态调整和沿轨道移动两种功能,并相应地设计了两套运动机构.四足爬行机构实现机器人的攀爬及姿态调整功能;轮轨机构完成沿轨道快速移动功能.对抓持与姿态调整运动进行了详细分析,并以球形曲面为例,得出相关关节控制变量的解析表达式.定性地分析了机构在其它曲面下,相关关节的变化形式.理论分析及设计实例表明机构对布有轨道的复杂曲面具有较好的适应性.     

在五轴数控机床上刃磨球头铣刀的研究

从机构学的角度,用连杆参数Denavit-Hartenberg表示法,表示了一类(双摆头)五轴数控机床各杆件间的相对位置和姿态,并给出了其机构的位置反解,在其基础上给出了用这类机床刃磨球头铣刀的运动方程.得出了在五轴数控机床上可用两片砂轮通过插补刃磨球头铣刀的结论,用锥砂轮刃磨前刀面,用圆柱面砂轮刃磨后刀面.     

航空发动机陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞机理与模型研究进展

对陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞机理与模型的研究进展进行综述。首先,简要回顾了陶瓷基复合材料在航空发动机上的应用情况,综述了单向、铺层和编织陶瓷基复合材料细观疲劳失效模式与疲劳迟滞机理。总结出纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料基本的细观失效模式是:基体裂纹、纤维/基体界面脱粘和纤维断裂、铺层陶瓷基复合材料中的铺层/铺层界面脱粘以及编织陶瓷基复合材料中的纱线/纱线界面和纱线/基体界面脱粘。脱粘后的各类界面在循环载荷下的界面滑移是导致疲劳迟滞行为的根本原因。然后,详细分析了陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞行为力学建模研究历史与现状,指出了其中存在的问题。最后,对陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞行为研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Methods to determine stress profile in ALT based on theoretical life models

With the recent products being more reliable,engineers cannot obtain enough failure or degradation information through the design period and even the product lifetime,therefore,accelerated life test(ALT)has become the most popular way to quantify the life characteristics of products.Test design is the most essential topic,such as testing duration,stress profile,data inference,etc.In this paper,a method and procedure based on theoretical life models is proposed to determine the accelerated stress profile.Firstly,the method for theoretical life calculation is put forward based on the main failure mechanism analysis and the theoretical life models.Secondly,the method is provided to determine the accelerated stress profile,including the method to determine the accelerated stress types and the stress range on the basis of the main failure mechanism analysis,the method to determine the acceleration factor and the accelerated stress level based on life quantitative calculation models,and the collaborative analysis method of the accelerated test time while taking the multiple failure mechanisms into consideration.Lastly,the actuator is taken as an example to describe the procedure of the method and the engineering applicability and the validity are verified.     

An archival study of extended X-ray emission from classical and recurrent novae

I discuss morphology and spectrum of the first resolved and detected classical nova shell in the X-rays – the remnant of GK Persei (1901). The existence of such a nebulosity brings about the possibility of other nova remnants emitting X-rays. I calculate that the X-ray luminosity should be about 10²⁶–10³³ ergs s⁻¹ on the onset of cooling for nova remnants. I have done an archival search on 250 classical and recurrent nova candidates using Chandra, XMM-Newton, ROSAT and ASCA databases. There is no significant extended emission detected which places an upper limit of F_x < × 10⁻¹² erg s⁻¹ cm⁻² (unabsorbed). Only exceptions are GK Per, RR Pic and DQ Her (all observed by Chandra ACIS-S and GK Per also by ROSAT HRI) where the latter two show marginal extended emission in the X-rays associated with emission knots (DQ Her) or an equatorial ring (RR Pic).