Aerodynamic design optimization of helicopter rotor blades including airfoil shape for hover performance

This study proposes a process to obtain an optimal helicopter rotor blade shape for aerodynamic performance in hover flight. A new geometry representation algorithm which uses the class function/shape function transformation (CST) is employed to generate airfoil coordinates. With this approach, airfoil shape is considered in terms of design variables. The optimization process is constructed by integrating several programs developed by author. The design variables include twist, taper ratio, point of taper initiation, blade root chord, and coefficients of the airfoil distribution function. Aerodynamic constraints consist of limits on power available in hover and forward flight. The trim condition must be attainable. This paper considers rotor blade configuration for the hover flight condition only, so that the required power in hover is chosen as the objective function of the optimization problem. Sensitivity analysis of each design variable shows that airfoil shape has an important role in rotor performance. The optimum rotor blade reduces the required hover power by 7.4% and increases the figure of merit by 6.5%, which is a good improvement for rotor blade design.     

介观尺度的材料设计、制备与组装技术研究进展

结合本专业组的工作,对近年来介观尺度的材料设计、制备与组装技术进行了综述,着重阐述了反点阵列和核壳结构的制备与组装技术,以及结构的设计与控制。在此基础上,分析了其发展前景和今后的研究方向。     

民机项目研制设计过程分析识别

探讨了民机项目研制设计过程。依据国际航空航天质量系列标准要求、SAE ARP4754A民用飞机与系统研制指南要求以及项目管理相关知识,运用过程方法分析识别了民机项目研制设计过程,提出了民机项目研制设计过程的过程图,并分析了设计过程与研制阶段的关系,提出了过程方法应用的具体建议。     

考虑油滴变形和二次油滴效应的轴承腔壁面油膜流动分析

航空发动机轴承腔油气两相流动状态下的壁面油膜分布和流动速度直接影响其润滑和换热特性.考虑油滴变形和二次油滴沉积效应作用,通过油滴变形和运动、油滴/腔壁碰撞过程质量和动量转移以及二次油滴运动和沉积分析,获得油滴沉积过程的质量和动量转移;在此基础上利用根据力平衡原理和质量守恒原理建立的壁面油膜分布和流动的力学模型获得壁面油膜的厚度和速度分布.分析和探讨了油滴变形对油滴速度和运行轨迹的影响,变形和二次沉积效应对油滴质量和动量转移以及壁面油膜厚度和速度分布的影响.计算结果表明:考虑变形后油滴所受阻力增加,其运动速度减小,运行轨迹更加弯曲,一次质量转移增加,一次动量转移减小;二次油滴的数量很大,其沉积质量和动量转移是轴承腔中油滴质量和动量转移的主要部分;油滴变形和二次沉积效应作用下壁面油膜的厚度和流动速度都明显增大,润滑油加速排出.     

Variable-fidelity optimization with design space reduction

Advanced engineering systems, like aircraft, are defined by tens or even hundreds of design variables. Building an accurate surrogate model for use in such high-dimensional optimization problems is a difficult task owing to the curse of dimensionality. This paper presents a new algorithm to reduce the size of a design space to a smaller region of interest allowing a more accurate surrogate model to be generated. The framework requires a set of models of different physical or numerical fidelities. The low-fidelity (LF) model provides physics-based approximation of the high-fidelity (HF) model at a fraction of the computational cost. It is also instrumental in identifying the small region of interest in the design space that encloses the high-fidelity optimum. A surrogate model is then constructed to match the low-fidelity model to the high-fidelity model in the identified region of interest. The optimization process is managed by an update strategy to prevent convergence to false optima. The algorithm is applied on mathematical problems and a two-dimen-sional aerodynamic shape optimization problem in a variable-fidelity context. Results obtained are in excellent agreement with high-fidelity results, even with lower-fidelity flow solvers, while showing up to 39% time savings.     

引射器混合室优化技术初步研究

混合室优化设计对超声速引射器引射性能的提高具有非常重要的作用。介绍了常温空气介质情况下引射器混合室不同设计参数试验件的数值模拟和实验研究结果;针对单喷嘴和多喷嘴引射器混合室收缩段长度、平直段长度及平直段截面直径等参数对引射器性能的影响作了对比分析。初步研究表明：多喷嘴引射器引射性能优于单喷嘴引射器,但多喷嘴引射器启动性能低于单喷嘴引射器;在引射器能正常启动的前提下,平直段直径越小,引射器性能更优;收缩段长度主要影响主、被动气流的混合效果,平直段长度主要影响引射器的启动性能,因此对混合室收缩段和平直段长度尺寸的设计需要根据引射器型式（单喷嘴或多喷嘴）合理确定。     

复合材料主动冷却薄壁燃烧室设计分析

通过建立流固耦合传热模型,对不同尺寸冷却通道的主动冷却薄壁燃烧室结构瞬态传热特性进行数值模拟,给出了主动冷却燃烧室的瞬态温度场分布及其演化.再采用有限元法计算燃烧室的热应力和应变,从而揭示了冷却通道几何参数及内部煤油体积流量对燃烧室薄壁结构最高温度和热应力的影响规律.计算结果表明:在充分发挥煤油冷却效果前提下,冷却通道距离燃烧室内壁距离越近,所需煤油体积流量越大,而燃烧室结构热应力在10s左右达到最大值,设计时应着重考虑这段时间内的材料性能.      

火焰筒头部积碳对燃油雾化特性影响的试验研究

针对火焰筒头部文氏管表面分别为无积碳和带有2mm均匀积碳、3mm左右不均匀积碳的试验件,运用相位多普勒粒子分析仪(PDPA)进行不同油气比状态的下游燃油雾化场的试验研究,得到了不同积碳形式对头部雾化场的影响。试验结果表明:在相同油气比状态下,头部带有不均匀积碳时,其下游流场的索太尔平均直径(D32)明显大于头部无积碳和带有均匀积碳的形式的;相对于无积碳和存在2mm均匀积碳状态,不规则积碳状态下的雾化装置下游燃油粒子数的密度沿周向分布更加不均匀;当头部带有均匀积碳和不规则积碳时,燃油雾化场的喷雾锥角增大。     

吸波材料的设计和应用前景

较系统地论述了吸波材料设计的理论基础，介绍了基体和损耗介质的选用，探讨了拓宽吸波频带的几种可行途径，并对吸波材料的应用前景作了概要叙述。     

氧化剂气量配比对Mg/CO2发动机性能影响实验

基于国内外粉末火箭发动机的研究基础以及工业上粉体燃烧器设计方法,提出了一种Mg/CO2粉末火箭发动机构型和氧化剂气体分3次进气的燃烧组织方案,并针对其工作过程开展了实验研究。主要研究了在氧燃比为4∶1条件下,氧化剂不同进气方案时发动机的燃烧效率和燃烧室内沉积情况,从而为后续的Mg/CO2发动机多次起动实验工况参数设定提供依据。发动机热试实验结果表明:当燃烧室头部氧燃比较大时,发动机稳焰失败,无法正常工作;发动机热试实验中燃烧效率最高为64.0%;当氧化剂进气方案满足流化气、旋流气与侧向气量配比为2∶0.5∶1.5时,燃烧室内基本无沉积。