轴承腔油气两相介质流动与热分析

为获得轴承腔油气两相介质流动与热分析计算方法,探究轴承腔油气两相介质流动换热规律。以某发动机轴承腔结构为对象,运用CFD方法分析轴承腔中两相介质流动速度、温度分布、体积分数和传热系数分布。基于试验获取轴承腔内外不同位置局部温度,利用温度梯度法计算热流获得传热系数。结果表明:两相介质的流动速度随径向高度增大呈现先增大后减小趋势,在无量纲径向高度为0.6时流速最大。轴承腔中转子及壁面之间的区域两相介质的温度随径向坐标增大呈现先减小后增大趋势。轴承腔内滑油主要分布在回油池及轴承腔外壁面上,回油池旁边其剪力分量和重力方向一致区域的油膜较薄,局部传热系数较小,其方向相反区域的油膜较厚,局部传热系数较大。      

Traverses for the ISECG-GER design reference mission for humans on the lunar surface

This study explores the Design Reference Mission (DRM) architecture developed by Hufenbach et al. (2015) as a prelude to the release of the 2018 Global Exploration Roadmap (GER) developed by the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG). The focus of this study is the exploration of the south polar region of the Moon, a region that has not been visited by any human missions, yet exhibits a multitude of scientifically important locations – the investigation of which will address long standing questions in lunar research. This DRM architecture involves five landing sites (Malapert massif, South Pole/Shackleton crater, Schrödinger basin, Antoniadi crater, and the South Pole-Aitken basin center), to be visited in sequential years by crew, beginning in 2028. Two Lunar Electric Rovers (LER) are proposed to be tele-robotically operated between sites to rendez-vous with crew at the time of the next landing. With engineering parameters in mind we explore the feasibility of tele-robotic operation of these LERs between lunar landing sites, and identify potential high interest sampling locations en-route. Additionally, in-depth sample collection and return traverses are identified for each individual landing site across key geologic terrains that also detail crew Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA). Exploration at and between landing sites is designed to address a suite of National Research Council (2007) scientific concepts.     

CH4/正癸烷混合燃料燃烧特性

为研究CH4/正癸烷混合燃料的燃烧特性及燃烧稳定性,在定容燃烧弹中测量了初始压力为0.1MPa、初始温度为420K、当量比范围为0.8~1.5和甲烷摩尔分数为0~0.8时CH4/正癸烷混合燃料的火焰扩散速度、拉伸火焰传播速度、马克斯坦长度、无拉伸火焰传播速度和层流燃烧速度等,分析了甲烷摩尔分数对马克斯坦长度及层流燃烧速度等的影响。结果表明:当量比为1.3时,随着甲烷摩尔分数的增加,火焰发展末期,前锋面由网格形胞状结构发展为光滑球面,火焰稳定性增强;甲烷摩尔分数增加导致混合燃料马克斯坦长度随当量比增加而减小的趋势变慢,实验研究范围存在临界当量比,当量比小于1.2时,甲烷摩尔分数为0.8的混合燃料燃烧稳定性较差,而当量比大于1.2时,甲烷摩尔分数为0.8的混合燃料燃烧稳定性较好;当量比在1.0~1.3范围内,甲烷摩尔分数为0.2和0.4的混合燃料层流燃烧速度较快,而在实验测量当量比范围,甲烷摩尔分数为0.8的混合燃料层流燃烧速度较慢。      

推力室冷却通道结构可靠性仿真及参数敏感性分析

为了准确高效评估液体火箭发动机推力室身部再生冷却通道的结构可靠性,建立了基于有限元热结构耦合计算的结构可靠性仿真流程。考虑发动机干扰因素、身部结构尺寸及内外壁材料性能的随机性,利用Monte Carlo(MC)仿真和Epps-Pulley(EP)检验确定危险点的等效应力分布,根据基于参数估计区间的应力-强度干涉模型及点估计下限和Lindstrom-Maddens(L-M)法,确定冷却通道结构可靠度置信下限,并进行参数敏感性分析。结果表明:该结构可靠性仿真能够确定内壁失效的危险点,得到工程上更具实用价值的可靠度置信下限;外壁的强度裕度远大于内壁,冷却通道的结构可靠性取决于内壁;提高推力室燃烧效率或选用导热率稍低,而强度更高的内壁材料,是提高冷却通道结构可靠性的有效途径。      

微波暗室反射率电平自动校准方法及测量不确定度

通过开展1~40 GHz微波暗室性能自动校准技术研究,研制了低反射8维度空间测试支架,降低了测试装置微波干扰;开发了基于Labview 8.6环境的测试系统控制软件,实现信号调整和收发天线的相对运动;本文就微波暗室自动校准系统静区反射率电平测量不确定度进行了分析和评定。     

Multi-disciplinary design optimization with fuzzy uncertainties and its application in hybrid rocket motor powered launch vehicle

In this paper, an Uncertainty-based Multi-disciplinary Design Optimization (UMDO) method combining with fuzzy theory and Multi-Discipline Feasible (MDF) method is developed for the conceptual design of a Hybrid Rocket Motor (HRM) powered Launch Vehicle (LV). In the method proposed, membership functions are used to represent the uncertain factors, the fuzzy statistical experiment is introduced to analyze the propagation of uncertainties, and means, standard deviations and credibility measures are used to delineate uncertain responses. A geometric programming problem is solved to verify the feasibility of the Fuzzy-based Multi-Discipline Feasible (F-MDF) method. A multi-disciplinary analysis of a three-stage HRM powered LV involving the disciplines of propulsion, structure, aerodynamics and trajectory is implemented, and the mathematical models corresponding to the F-MDF method and the MDF method are established. A two-phase optimization method is proposed for multi-disciplinary design optimization of the LV, including the orbital capacity optimization phase based on the Ziolkowski formula, and the scheme trajectory verification phase based on the 3-degree-of-freedom point trajectory simulation. The correlation coefficients and the quadratic Response Surface Method (RSM) based on Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) are adopted for sensitive analysis of uncertain factors, and the Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm (MIGA) is adopted as the optimization algorithm. The results show that the F-MDF method is applicable in LV conceptual design, and the design with the F-MDF method is more reliable and robust than that with the MDF method.     

大功率离子推力器和流动控制单元验证现状 及其2000小时寿命试验

为了发展基于电推进的大功率空间运输系统,需要开发和验证功率达数十千瓦的电推进系统,深空任务电推进系统优化的比冲要求高达10⁵s。凯尔迪什研究中心（KeRC）正在开发这样的电推进部件。本文概述了 35kW离子推力器 IT-500及其流动单元FCU-500的验证现状。作为其验证的一部分,完成了IT-500 和 FCU-500的2000h寿命试验。其中,离子推力器大部分验证条件是：输入功率17.8kW,使用了40kg氙,2018h寿命试验。本文介绍了磁场和离子光学以及石墨格栅开发现状。     

空间飞行器总体设计的电磁兼容性问题

结合空间飞行器总体设计的特点,介绍了电磁兼容性概念及其发展过程;分析了空间飞行器所处的电磁环境,指出总体设计中的若干电磁兼容性问题;提出了空间飞行器研制各阶段中开展电磁兼容性工作的流程图,强调必须在目前和今后各种型号的空间飞行器研制中引起充分的重视。     

空中电场传感器

为了监测雷雨云下或云中电荷层的形成和演变,研制了一种空中电场传感器,它利用对金属定子采用交替屏蔽的原理来测量准稳态的大气电场。对仪器的工作原理,结构特点和技术指标作了较详细的介绍,并对该仪器的应用作了简短论述。     

卫星用无污染爆炸螺栓

介绍了卫星用无污染爆炸螺栓的设计过程,包括结构原理、设计计算及污染量的测定。