高超声速进气道中壁龛式预燃室进气特性

在空气流量４．６９ｋｇ／ｓ左右的地面连管试验台上,研究了高超声速进气道中壁龛式预燃室内外流场的气流特性。试验发现,壁龛式预燃室中流动状态的变化与激波－附面层之间相互作用关系密切。虽然在壁龛式预到中测得的总压值较低,气流总压损失较大,但仍满足两股气流之间超燃点火的压力匹配要求。因此,提出的壁龛式预燃室方案是可行的。     

检漏方法的灵敏度估算

为方便地选择检漏方法 ,设计检漏系统和估算检漏系统的灵敏度 ,文章推导了一些常用检漏方法的灵敏度估算公式 ,这些公式在航天密封产品的检漏实践中具有实用性     

航空发动机高温升燃烧室贫油熄火及冒烟性能研究

高温升燃烧室头部燃烧组织方案设计,以改善高温升燃烧室的贫油熄火边界及冒烟性能。该方案的特点是采用了三旋流器以及双油路复合式喷嘴,设计的主燃区油气分布相当均匀,而回流区内的油气分布是局部富油的。以常规双旋流器+双油路压力雾化喷嘴(旋流杯)燃烧室作为一个基准方案,在相同的进口实验条件下与本研究方案进行了贫油熄火和出口冒烟性能的比较。实验表明,本研究方案与常规的双旋流杯设计方案相比燃烧稳定性好及出口冒烟改善。      

曲率连续的非轴对称短舱气动型面参数化设计方法研究

为了进一步提高短舱内外流的气动性能,基于类别形状函数方法建立了曲率连续的非轴对称短舱气动型面参数化设计方法。主要思路是先设计关键截面型线,再设计纵向型线,最后通过纵向型线周向有序组合建立气动型面。为评价所建立的短舱气动型面设计方法的适用性,从曲率半径分布、主要工况下的流动特性和气动性能三个方面对所发展的方法和基于圆锥曲线的方法设计的超大涵道比(UHBPR)短舱进行了对比研究。结果表明：与基于圆锥曲线的方法设计的短舱相比,所建立的方法设计的短舱气动型面不存在轴向曲率半径波动。由于消除了曲率波动引起的短舱壁面附近局部过度加速形成的高速低压区,在马赫数为0.8的巡航条件下外罩壁面局部阻力降低了4.5%；在马赫数为0.82的飞行工况下,外罩壁面局部阻力降低了5.5%。进气道气动型面设计方法的改进,使得大攻角爬升条件下进气道总压恢复系数提高了0.41%,稳态周向总压畸变指数减小了8.82%。     

空间斯特林发电机热头结构设计及分析

空间斯特林发电机热头在工作中要承受严酷的高温高压的工况,为了保证其长寿命和高效换热等要求,需要对斯特林发电机热头的材料、结构等方面进行分析和优化设计。本文初步介绍了空间斯特林发电机热头结构设计的要求和准则,分析了热头结构设计的难点和关键点及解决途径。采用有限元分析方法,开展了斯特林发电样机热头的温度和压力综合应力分析和热头结构的优化设计。加工完成的热头结构的工作性能满足斯特林发电机样机的要求,初步验证了设计方法和途径的正确性。     

Process of establishing design requirements and selecting alternative configurations for conceptual design of a VLA

In this study, a process for establishing design requirements and selecting alternative con-figurations for the conceptual phase of aircraft design has been proposed. The proposed process uses system-engineering-based requirement-analysis techniques such as objective tree, analytic hier-archy process, and quality function deployment to establish logical and quantitative standards. Moreover, in order to perform a logical selection of alternative aircraft configurations, it uses advanced decision-making methods such as morphological matrix and technique for order prefer-ence by similarity to the ideal solution. In addition, a preliminary sizing tool has been developed to check the feasibility of the established performance requirements and to evaluate the flight perfor-mance of the selected configurations. The present process has been applied for a two-seater very light aircraft (VLA), resulting in a set of tentative design requirements and two families of VLA configurations: a high-wing configuration and a low-wing configuration. The resulting set of design requirements consists of three categories: customer requirements, certification requirements, and performance requirements. The performance requirements include two mission requirements for the flight range and the endurance by reflecting the customer requirements. The flight performances of the two configuration families were evaluated using the sizing tool developed and the low-wing configuration with conventional tails was selected as the best baseline configuration for the VLA.     

Design of aircraft structures against threat of bird strikes

In this paper, a method to design bird-strike-resistant aircraft structures is presented and illustrated through examples. The focus is on bird strike experiments and simulations. The explicit finite element software PAM-CRASH is employed to conduct bird strike simulations, and a coupled Smooth Particles Hydrodynamic (SPH) and Finite Element (FE) method is used to simulate the interaction between a bird and a target structure. The SPH method is explained, and an SPH bird model is established. Constitutive models for various structural materials, such as aluminum alloys, composite materials, honeycomb, and foam materials that are used in aircraft structures, are presented, and model parameters are identified by conducting various material tests. Good agreements between simulation results and experimental data suggest that the numerical model is capable of predicting the dynamic responses of various aircraft structures under a bird strike, and numerical simulation can be used as a tool to design bird-strike-resistant aircraft structures.     

民机项目定费用设计

经济性对民机项目商业成功至关重要,概述了民机项目定费用设计的起源和基本概念,分别讲述研制费用的估算方法,设计经济性对单机成本的影响,设计经济性对运营成本的影响,总结出定费用设计是民机项目成本控制的关键。     

固冲发动机补燃室非稳态沉积过程分析

采用随机轨道模型,基于动网格技术,分析了固冲发动机补燃室非稳态沉积过程中燃气流动边界形状变化对燃气流动及沉积分布的影响,得到了补燃室内壁面的非稳态沉积规律,对直连试验中出现的进气道出口拐角烧蚀沟槽现象进行了理论分析。研究发现,不同粒径的粒子在补燃室内的分布特性差异较大;凸起的沉积块可改变燃气流向,使进气道出口拐角处的高温区变大,易形成沟槽;点火初期,掺混区进气道之间的沉积速率较大。     

航空视频电路抗干扰设计

从原理着手分析了影响航空视频电路电磁干扰的几个重要因素,采取降低时钟信号的干扰、保护敏感信号、数模混合电路统一接地、防止电源干扰、减少高频辐射对电路的影响等措施,提高视频电路板的电磁兼容设计,有效地提高电子产品的抗干扰能力和电子兼容性。