Low-dose carbon ion irradiation effects on DNA damage and oxidative stress in the mouse testis

To investigate the effects of low-dose carbon ion irradiation on reproductive system of mice, the testes of outbred Kunming strain mice were whole-body irradiated with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 Gy, respectively. We measured DNA double-strand breaks (DNA DSBs) and oxidative stress parameters including malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and testis weight and sperm count at 12 h, 21 d and 35 d after irradiation in mouse testis. At 12 h postirradiation, a significant increase in DNA DSB level but no pronounced alterations in MDA content or SOD activity were observed in 0.5 and 1 Gy groups compared with the control group. At 21 d postirradiation, there was a significant reduction in sperm count and distinct enhancements of DSB level and MDA content in 0.5 and 1 Gy groups in comparison with control. At 35 d postirradiation, the levels of DNA DSBs and MDA, and SOD activity returned to the baseline except for the MDA content in 1 Gy (P < 0.05), while extreme falls of sperm count were still observed in 0.5 (P < 0.01) and 1 Gy (P < 0.01) groups. For the 0.05 or 0.1 Gy group, no differences were found in DNA DSB level and MDA content between control and at 12 h, 21 d and 35 d after irradiation, indicating that lower doses of carbon ion irradiation have no significant influence on spermatogenesis processes. In this study, male germ cells irradiated with over 0.5 Gy of carbon ions are difficult to repair completely marked by the sperm count. Furthermore, these data suggest that the deleterious effects may be chronic or delayed in reproductive system after whole-body exposure to acute high-dose carbon ions.     

Geostationary orbit determination using SATRE

A new strategy of precise orbit determination (POD) for GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) satellite using SATRE (SAtellite Time and Ranging Equipment) is presented. Two observation modes are proposed and different channels of the same instruments are used to construct different observation modes, one mode receiving time signals from their own station and the other mode receiving time signals from each other for two stations called pairs of combined observations. Using data from such a tracking network in China, the results for both modes are compared. The precise orbit determination for the Sino-1 satellite using the data from 6 June 2005 to 13 June 2005 has been carried out in this work. The RMS (Root-Mean-Square) of observing residuals for 3-day solutions with the former mode is better than 9.1 cm. The RMS of observing residuals for 3-day solutions with the latter mode is better than 4.8 cm, much better than the former mode. Orbital overlapping (3-day orbit solution with 1-day orbit overlap) tests show that the RMS of the orbit difference for the former mode is 0.16 m in the radial direction, 0.53 m in the along-track direction, 0.97 m in the cross-track direction and 1.12 m in the 3-dimension position and the RMS of the orbit difference for the latter mode is 0.36 m in the radial direction, 0.89 m in the along-track direction, 1.18 m in the cross-track direction and 1.52 m in the 3-dimension position, almost the same as the former mode. All the experiments indicate that a meter-level accuracy of orbit determination for geostationary satellite is achievable.     

粘弹性材料非局域声阻抗模型及参数优化

针对敷设粘弹性材料的刚体声散射问题提出了一种利用等效非局域阻抗基本代数模型计算表面声阻抗矩阵的方法.并以敷设粘弹性材料的球体为例,采用全局收敛移动近似算法(GCMMA, Globally Convergent Method of Moving Asymptotes)对非局域声阻抗代数模型的参数进行了优化,使其声散射计算结果与使用有限元得到的结果一致.研究表明:等效非局域阻抗基本代数模型可以应用于表面敷设粘弹性材料球体声散射的数值计算,为研究潜艇等复杂水下目标的声散射提供了有效的途径.     

萤火一号火星探测器轨道设计与科学探测事件分析

针对萤火一号火星探测器在2011年发射窗口的轨道进行初步设计.在此基础上,分析了萤火一号火星探测器绕火星飞行的轨道特性,预报其穿越火星弓激波和磁堆积区域、CCD相机拍照时刻,其与深空站进行星-地掩星试验和与俄罗斯Phobos-Grunt火星探测器进行星-星掩星试验的时刻.结果表明,萤火一号火星探测器在与俄罗斯Phobos-Grunt分离后一年的环火飞行时间里,存在大量的科学探测机会.     

太阳帆航天器行星际轨道转移优化算法

研究基于遗传算法的太阳帆行星际转移轨道的全局优化问题.通过极小值原理推导了太阳帆全局优化控制律,并以太阳帆飞行时间最短为优化目标函数,运用遗传算法对发射时间、到达时间和协态变量初值进行参数优化设计.为了解决轨道转移这一多约束优化问题,在遗传算法中加入动态罚函数.在此理论基础上作了从地球同步轨道出发到火星同步轨道转移和从地球出发与火星交会两个算例,仿真结果表明了该方法在太阳帆转移轨道全局优化中的有效性.     

深空自主导航光学敏感器及其验证

利用光学导航敏感器进行深空自主导航在国际上已成为一种发展趋势,这种方法具有自主性强、精度高、节约成本等优点,且距离地球越远越显优势.在国内首次开展了用于深空巡航段的自主光学导航敏感器设计研制和验证工作,所研制的光学导航敏感器原型样机设计技术指标为:焦距953.8mm,视场角0.8°×0.8°,探测极限灵敏度12Mv,测量精度0.5″(1σ),动态范围100∶1.试验室测试和外场观星试验的结果表明,测量精度达到0.5″(1σ),探测极限灵敏度达到12.5Mv,技术指标全部满足要求.     

无人机复杂环境中跟踪运动目标的实时航路规划

在复杂地形环境中,无人机在跟踪运动目标时,现有的航路规划方法在实时性和可行性上存在一定缺陷.提出了一种新的滚动窗口启发方向计算方法,使其能够跟踪运动目标,同时在滚动窗口内采用流函数法进行避障.根据无人机约束,滚动窗口为三角形,并设计了基于行为的伸缩功能.在流函数中,利用水势能方法克服了陷阱地形并进行了航路平滑.仿真结果表明:这种混合算法对于复杂地形条件下跟踪运动目标的航路规划,能够减小规划算法的时间和空间复杂度,使规划出的航路适于无人机飞行.     

三维四向编织复合材料改进模型弹性性能计算

针对三维四向编织复合材料,在改进的矩形截面单胞模型的基础上,考虑了相邻纤维束之间的界面粘结效应,推导了单胞的几何特性与编织工艺参数之间的数学关系,并且采用ANSYS软件建立了实体有限元模型,得到了等效弹性性能参数;之后,分析了各工艺参数对弹性模量的影响规律.通过有限元计算的材料弹性性能常数与试验数据符合较好,较为真实地模拟了该材料的细观结构,对三维编织复合材料的设计和工艺具有一定的参考价值.      

基于PERT网络的航空弹药保障人员优化配置

针对航空弹药保障效率和可靠性要求高的问题,在分析保障流程的计划评审技术（PERT,Program Evaluation and Review Technique）网络图中各工序对任务完工影响程度的基础上,提取了工序关键度指标和重要度指标以及各方案下的按期完工概率,建立了保障人员配置方案评价指标体系,表示为评价函数形式.以基于蒙特卡洛方法的PERT网络仿真为核心,选择在遗传算法进化寻优框架下构建优化模型,该方法不仅得到了最优的保障人员配置方案,而且评估了需要注重的关键工序.算例实验证实了其有效性与实用性.      

面向非合作目标抓捕的机械臂轨迹规划方法

文章针对非合作目标抓捕问题设计了基于误差反馈系数的机械臂轨迹规划算法.考虑到空间机械臂在轨服务要求,采用反作用零空间方法来规划机械臂运动轨迹以实现机械臂与航天器之间的协调运动.为避免在规划起始阶段位姿误差较大可能导致机械臂关节速度过大的问题,引入了位姿误差反馈系数.为对空间机械臂抓捕非合作目标的轨迹规划技术进行验证,搭建了地面半物理仿真系统.试验结果表明,通过合理选择位姿误差反馈系数,设计的轨迹规划算法能够使固定基座机械臂末端执行器以较为均匀的速度逼近非合作目标,并能以较高精度实现对非合作目标的抓捕.该试验可以为空间机械臂抓捕非合作目标的轨迹规划提供参考.