双太阳翼GEO卫星在轨角动量管控方法

地球同步轨道(GEO)卫星在轨的主要环境干扰力矩为太阳光压力矩和重力梯度力矩,干扰力矩的累积效应表现为飞轮转速的变化,需要通过外力矩进行角动量卸载避免飞轮饱和。由于GEO磁场极弱,卫星无法使用磁力矩卸载,只能通过喷气卸载,而喷气将对卫星轨道产生影响,因此需要尽可能延长卸载周期。针对配置双对称太阳电池阵GEO卫星的角动量管控需求,首先建立卫星在惯性空间中角动量积累模型,并映射到卫星本体系中,得到本体系中的角动量变化规律。通过飞轮在轨转速遥测数据,精确辨识获取环境干扰力矩特征参数,获得真实可靠的干扰模型。以角动量卸载周期最长为原则,基于在轨环境干扰模型制定角动量管控策略,并准确预估下次角动量卸载时间。经在轨数据处理与分析表明:提出的角动量管控策略,可有效将飞轮的角动量卸载周期提升为原来的2倍,有效提升卫星在轨应用效能,具有实际工程意义。     

航天光学遥感器光学装调技术现状与展望

航天光学遥感器工作于太空中,长期恶劣的空间环境及短暂发射入轨时的状态对光学系统的设计与装调提出了苛刻的要求,确保光学系统在轨像质优异是航天光学遥感器研制的关键技术.文章结合国际上航天光学遥感器的发展需求对光学系统装调技术及发展现状进行了分析、总结,提出了中国后续航天光学遥感器装调与测试技术的突破方向.     

Pro／E二次开发技术在卫星结构设计中的应用

为解决卫星协同设计过程中总体、结构信息同步滞后问题,基于Pro／E软件进行二次开发,实现对总体与结构接口文件的自动解析;利用解析出来的接口数据,在模型上进行表阵列的自动创建,使总体设计模型的变更能够在结构设计模型中及时得到反映,从而实现“总体一结构”设计结果的快速同步。文章中开发的软件工具,在多颗卫星的研制过程中得到了应用。     

根据两颗导航星信息估计捷联惯导系统误差的一种方法

针对高机动短时间飞行的飞行器,介绍了一种根据它相对2颗导航卫星的伪距离和伪速度信息,估计捷联惯导系统定位和定速度误差的方法.考虑到由确定飞行器相对每颗星的径向距离和速度的非线性方程施加的约束,根据这些误差矢量长度最小值的条件确定误差值.用空间解析几何法得出了计算捷联惯导系统误差估值的最终算法,这种算法能给出非线性最小值问题的精确解.     

存在干扰下的无人机中继站波束成形算法

无人机(UAV)通信具有部署快、使用灵活、通信质量好等优点,在无线通信领域具有广阔的应用前景。采用UAV作为中继站构成的增强型卫星通信网络经常受到各种干扰的影响,导致其性能急剧下降。以信干噪比(SINR)最大化为准则,UAV中继站发射功率满足要求为约束条件的优化问题的基础上,提出了一种基于最大瑞利熵的波束成形(BF)算法,得出最优权矢量。为了降低BF算法的实现复杂度,进一步提出了一种基于迫零(ZF)的次优BF算法。计算机仿真验证了这2种BF算法的有效性。     

分析插值误差和斜率的轨迹优化网格细化方法

提出一种基于插值误差和斜率分析的轨迹优化自适应网格细化方法,包括节点插入算法和节点删除算法。节点插入算法分析各个离散节点的控制变量的插值误差。若插值误差较大,则在该节点周围增加节点细化网格;否则,不进行细化。节点删除算法分析各个离散节点处的控制变量斜率。若某个节点的左斜率和右斜率都为零,那么删除该节点;否则,保留该节点。采用三个典型的轨迹优化算例验证了所提出的方法的有效性和特色,并且与其它几种网格细化方法进行了对比。仿真结果表明,本文方法生成的网格规模较小,需要的网格迭代次数较少,能够快速、高精度求解非光滑轨迹优化问题。     

基于改进FCM的北斗三频组合观测值选取

以北斗卫星导航系统三频双差为基础探讨了组合观测值及误差,针对以往采用聚类方法在研究GPS三频组合数据过程中的不足,提出了基于距离修正的增量模糊C均值算法.通过调节因子有效地修正了样本中心与聚类中心的距离,获得合理的隶属度,从而得到正确的分类;构造了基于距离修正的聚类有效性指标,自动获取最佳聚类数,避免了人为确定聚类数的不合理性;在此基础上引入增量的思想,数据增加时以原有的数据集为基础,根据阈值进行归类,不需要重新进行初始计算.通过矩阵变换法及实例验证了该方法的可行性和可靠性.     

Earth observation from space – The issue of environmental sustainability

Remote sensing scientists work under assumptions that should not be taken for granted and should, therefore, be challenged. These assumptions include the following:1. Space, especially Low Earth Orbit (LEO), will always be available to governmental and commercial space entities that launch Earth remote sensing missions.2. Space launches are benign with respect to environmental impacts.3. Minimization of Type 1 error, which provides increased confidence in the experimental outcome, is the best way to assess the significance of environmental change.4. Large-area remote sensing investigations, i.e. national, continental, global studies, are best done from space.5. National space missions should trump international, cooperative space missions to ensure national control and distribution of the data products.At best, all of these points are arguable, and in some cases, they're wrong. Development of observational space systems that are compatible with sustainability principles should be a primary concern when Earth remote sensing space systems are envisioned, designed, and launched. The discussion is based on the hypothesis that reducing the environmental impacts of the data acquisition step, which is at the very beginning of the information stream leading to decision and action, will enhance coherence in the information stream and strengthen the capacity of measurement processes to meet their stated functional goal, i.e. sustainable management of Earth resources. We suggest that unconventional points of view should be adopted and when appropriate, remedial measures considered that could help to reduce the environmental footprint of space remote sensing and of Earth observation and monitoring systems in general. This article discusses these five assumptions in the context of sustainable management of Earth's resources. Taking each assumption in turn, we find the following:(1) Space debris may limit access to Low Earth Orbit over the next decades.(2) Relatively speaking, given that they're rare event, space launches may be benign, but study is merited on upper stratospheric and exospheric layers given the chemical activity associated with rocket combustion by-products.(3) Minimization of Type II error should be considered in situations where minimization of Type I error greatly hampers or precludes our ability to correct the environmental condition being studied.(4) In certain situations, airborne collects may be less expensive and more environmentally benign, and comparative studies should be done to determine which path is wisest.(5) International cooperation and data sharing will reduce instrument and launch costs and mission redundancy. Given fiscal concerns of most of the major space agencies – e.g. NASA, ESA, CNES – it seems prudent to combine resources.     

微纳InSAR卫星总体技术研究

微纳合成孔径雷达干涉(Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry, InSAR)卫星是对地定量化遥感的重要手段。开展了微纳InSAR卫星系统总体技术研究,给出了使得干涉测量覆盖范围最大的双星编队构型设计方法,建立了低燃料消耗双星轨道参数设计准则,提出高功能密度比InSAR卫星系统的设计方法,包括载荷平台一体化、卫星高集成模块化等总体设计方法,并给出了相应的设计实例。     

频谱分析法在静止气象卫星调焦分析中应用研究

利用频谱分析方法,对静止气象卫星扫描辐射计的在轨调焦进行快速、准确的分析判断,确定是否需要调整及调整时所发遥控命令的调整方向和步长等,避免了单向调出焦距极限位置时,对辐射计造成永久性损坏。文章首次提出的二维频谱法,即使在图像定位精度不高的情况下仍然适用,可以得出准确的分析结果。