Attitude control actuator scaling laws for orbiting solar reflectors

The rapid evolution of in-orbit manufacturing will enable the fabrication of low-cost, large-scale space structures. In particular, the use of 3D printing technologies will remove traditional payload constraints associated with launch vehicles, due to fairing size and launch loads, thus allowing the construction of larger and lighter structures, such as orbiting solar reflectors. These structures will require efficient attitude control systems, able to provide the necessary torque for maneuvers and to counteract perturbations, such as gravity gradient and solar radiation pressure. In this paper, a top-level overview of actuator performances for orbiting solar reflectors is provided, and scaling laws associated with the required actuator mass and input power are developed. For each class of actuator, upper bounds on the maximum size of the structure which can be effectively controlled are presented. The results can also be extended to other classes of large planar Earth-pointing structures such as solar power satellites, solar sails, or large antennae.     

First measurements of periodicities and anisotropies of cosmic ray flux observed with a water-Cherenkov detector at the Marambio Antarctic base

A new water-Cherenkov radiation detector, located at the Argentine Marambio Antarctic Base (64.24S-56.62 W), has been monitoring the variability of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux since 2019. One of the main aims is to provide experimental data necessary to study interplanetary transport of GCRs during transient events at different space/time scales. In this paper we present the detector and analyze observations made during one full year. After the analysis and correction of the GCR flux variability due to the atmospheric conditions (pressure and temperature), a study of the periodicities is performed in order to analyze modulations due to heliospheric phenomena. We can observe two periods: (a) 1 day, associated with the Earth’s rotation combined with the spatial anisotropy of the GCR flux; and (b) $～$ 30 days due to solar impact of stable solar structures combined with the rotation of the Sun. From a superposed epoch analysis, and considering the geomagnetic effects, the mean diurnal amplitude is $～$ 0.08% and the maximum flux is observed in $～$ 15 h local time (LT) direction in the interplanetary space. In such a way, we determine the capability of Neurus to observe anisotropies and other interplanetary modulations on the GCR flux arriving at the Earth.     

Novel orbit-attitude combination mode for solar power satellites to reduce mass and fuel

Solar power satellite receives great attention because it can release the energy crisis and environmental problems in the future. However, the launch and maintenance costs are tremendous due to the large system mass and large fuel consumption to counteract space perturbations. To reduce mass and fuel, a novel quasi-Sun-pointing attitude in Sun-frozen orbit is proposed. The Sun-frozen orbit has a nonzero eccentricity vector that always points towards the Sun. The quasi-Sun-pointing attitude is a periodic solution of the Sun-pointing attitude angle. Although about 3 % electricity must be given up because of the variation of Sun-pointing attitude angle, little control action is required to deal with the solar radiation pressure and gravity-gradient torque. The algorithm to obtain initial conditions is proposed. The influences of system parameters and structural flexibilities are studied. Simulation results reveal that the quasi-Sun-pointing attitude in Sun-frozen orbit dramatically reduce fuel consumption, the dry mass, and complexity of the control system. In addition, structural vibration is hardly induced by the gravity-gradient torque. Thus, the bending stiffness as well as the mass of the supporting structure can be reduced.     

载人航天器太阳翼多姿态输出能力建模及分析

载人航天器太阳翼在轨运行期间除正常对日定向转动外，根据飞行任务要求可能需要工作在α轴水平归零或垂直归零等特殊状态。在特殊工作模式下，太阳入射角和太阳翼的输出能力变化曲线更加复杂。建立太阳入射角与轨道角、太阳高度角、β轴转角等变量的数学模型，分析太阳入射角的变化规律，并结合光照区时长，建立太阳翼在轨输出能力的预测模型。与实际飞行数据相比较，表明该模型可较为准确地评估特殊工作模式下太阳翼的输出能力，可用于在轨整舱能量平衡分析，为飞行任务计划安排提供参考。     

临近空间太阳电池组件热力学特性仿真分析

临近空间飞行器依靠搭载的柔性太阳电池组件和储能电池组构成的能源系统,可在临近空间长期飞行和驻留,完成地面观测、无线通信、军事侦察等任务,因而成为各国航天航空领域发展的热点之一。由于太阳电池组件能量转化效率只有20%左右,大部分太阳光能量吸收后转化为热。这部分热传导到高空气球内部,将造成内部气流紊乱,增加高空气球姿态控制难度,而温度升高引起的热应力甚至可能破坏柔性太阳电池组件。本文通过计算机模拟太阳组件在高空气球蒙皮上的工作条件,建立组件结构模型及热传递数学模型,仿真得到电池组件实际工作时的温度场和应力场分布情况,对高空气球供电组件的结构优化、工作状态的掌握具有指导意义。     

磁洁净太阳电池电路技术进展与关键技术分析

随着重力、电磁场等科学探测任务需求的日益增强，对航天器整器的磁洁净度要求日益严格，尤其是光照条件下太阳电池电路的磁洁净度。本文基于国内外重大科学探测型号任务，梳理了国内外磁洁净太阳电池电路技术的发展历程、实现方式以及型号应用情况，并从正面布局、背面线缆以及基板厚度方向等方面系统分析了实现磁洁净太阳电池电路的关键技术:选用低磁材料、镜像对称布局与自由端线缆控制、补偿电缆，为后续磁洁净太阳电池电路技术的进一步突破提供参考。     

基于双四杆机构的可重复自动锁紧解锁装置

针对梦天实验舱对接、转位等工况，对日定向转动关节在轨多次锁紧解锁的需求，采用双四杆机构、自适应末端效应器等，设计一款可重复自动锁紧解锁装置。为了验证该锁紧解锁装置，利用研制产品，展开真空高温、真空低温、大气环境等多种状态下的锁紧解锁试验。结果表明:该机构可实现多种状态下的可重复自动锁紧解锁功能;在28 V直流工作电压下，锁紧动作执行时间为17.09~17.15 s，解锁动作执行时间为16.51~16.89 s。该机构具有高可靠、全角度、在轨可重复锁紧解锁等优点，在航天器锁紧解锁方面具有较大的工程应用潜力。     

基于萤火一号技术的自主火星探测器方案

提出了基于萤火一号（YH-1）火星探测器技术的自主火星探测器方案,可携带多种有效载荷在准太阳同步圆轨道上对火星进行科学探测。该方案具有可实现性强、成本低、研制周期短等特点,并能满足火星探测后续工程中的环绕器设计要求,利于我国火星探测的长远发展。利用长征三号乙运载火箭,在西昌卫星发射中心就可实现2013/2016年的我国自主火星探测。     

Parameter optimization for torsion spring of deployable solar array system with multiple clearance joints considering rigid–flexible coupling dynamics

In this paper, four novel evaluation indices and corresponding hierarchical optimization strategies are proposed for a deployable solar array system considering panel flexibility and joint clearance. The deployable solar array model consists of a rigid main-body, two panels and four key mechanisms, containing torsion spring mechanism, closed cable loop mechanism, latch mechanism and attitude adjustment mechanism. Rigid and flexible components are established by Nodal Coordinate Formulation and A...     

空间用太阳翼电路部分隔离二极管应用分析

针对空间太阳翼隔离二极管的应用,结合标准规范及太阳翼电路部分的工程设计约束与在轨应用经验,给出了空间太阳翼电路部分隔离二极管的设计方案;结合工程研制经验,给出了不同类型太阳翼电路部分隔离二极管的应用建议,为相关科研人员提供参考。