扩展卡尔曼滤波对时变参数追踪性能的影响研究

扩展卡尔曼滤波（Extended Kalman filter,EKF）理论由线性卡尔曼滤波理论发展而来。在结构的物理参数未知的情况下,扩展卡尔曼滤波理论将结构的物理参数与其状态向量组成增广状态向量,对增广状态向量进行识别,从而得到修正的结构参数。本文引入扩展卡尔曼滤波理论,对结构参数进行识别。为了验证该方法的有效性,引入1个时变参数三自由度系统作为仿真算例,分别探讨扩展卡尔曼滤波中的各项滤波参数（模型噪声的协方差矩阵Q,测量噪声的协方差矩阵R）对结构的时变参数追踪性能的影响。结果表明,合适的滤波参数能使得算法更迅速,准确地识别出结构中的时变参数变化趋势。还通过一个悬臂梁仿真算例,证明了即使在部分测点没有测量的情况下,EKF算法也能识别出结构参数。     

极大似然法在飞机起飞性能参数辨识中的应用

以Y12飞机起飞性能飞行试验实测数据为例,研究了利用极大似然法进行飞机起飞性能参数辨识的问题。首先通过理论分析建立了Y12飞机双发起飞性能数学模型;然后从简化灵敏度导数计算角度提出了以飞机在起飞滑跑过程中速度增量为观测量的观测方程,分析给出了待辨参数和利用极大似然法进行参数识别的方法;最后针对极大似然法的几个要素,如迭代初值、代价函数、迭代次数、样本长度、试验数据段的选取等对辨识结果的影响进行了讨论和分析。结果表明,利用极大似然法可以快速、准确地辨识出起飞性能所需的参数,并具有较高的精度,在今后的性能飞行试验数据分析中应注重推广和应用。     

Effects of Machine Tool Configuration on Its Dynamics Based on Orthogonal Experiment Method

In order to analyze the influence of configuration parameters on dynamic characteristics of machine tools in the working space, the configuration parameters have been suggested based on the orthogonal experiment method. Dynamic analysis of a milling machine, which is newly designed for producing turbine blades, has been conducted by utilizing the modal synthesis method. The finite element model is verified and updated by experimental modal analysis (EMA) of the machine tool. The result gained by modal synthesis method is compared with whole-model finite element method (FEM) result as well. According to the orthogonal experiment method, four configuration parameters of machine tool are considered as four factors for dynamic characteristics. The influence of configuration parameters on the first three natural frequencies is obtained by range analysis. It is pointed out that configuration parameter is the most important factor affecting the fundamental frequency of machine tools, and configuration parameter has less effect on lower-order modes of the system than others. The combination of configuration parameters which makes the fundamental frequency reach the maximum value is provided. Through demonstration, the conclusion can be drawn that the influence of configuration parameters on the natural frequencies of machine tools can be analyzed explicitly by the orthogonal experiment method, which offers a new method for estimating the dynamic characteristics of machine tools.     

陶瓷刀具切削高温合金试验研究

本文通过对陶瓷刀片车削镍基高温合金GH4169机理的研究,得到了切削速度、进给量和切削深度对切削力及切削温度和表面粗糙度的影响,进而优化切削工艺。借助olympus的3D测量激光共焦显微镜,得到了刀片的磨损形貌,并对其做了简要分析。     

材料表面残余应力测试技术研究

在生产、处理或加工材料的过程中,由于材料的局部区域的不均匀塑性变形,产生了残余应力。残余应力对疲劳强度、抗蚀性、尺寸稳定性、相变、硬度等均有影响;提高表面塑变抗力,降低表层的有效拉应力,可以抑制疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展,提高疲劳强度。本文主要以结构钢、不锈钢类材料为研究对象,应用x射线衍射原理测定表面残余应力,讨论x射线法测残余应力的要点,分析能够影响测定结果的技术因素、材料因素及被测件的几何因素,并找出应力分析仪最佳的测试参数。     

压电式微型合成射流器结构参数优化设计

压电式微型合成射流器的结构参数对射流速度有极大影响,然而各结构参数的影响规律及程度无法用单因素考查法来确定.针对这个问题,采用正交分析法结合多域耦合数值模拟,研究了主要结构参数对射流速度的综合影响,对器件结构参数进行了优化.仿真结果表明:在所考查的参数范围内,喷口宽度、腔体宽度、压电片厚度对射流速度的影响较大,但三者的...     

带有自适应参数近似的块控反步飞行控制器设计

针对有翼导弹含有未知气动参数时的飞行控制问题,设计了一种带有自适应参数近似的块控反步飞行控制器.分析了块控反步控制器设计的假设条件,并放宽了对指令信号和输入矩阵的部分限制.将导弹动态模型中的未知气动参数转换为待估计参数矩阵,采用自适应参数近似律对未知参数矩阵进行估计,相比使用神经网络逼近未知函数更为简单,易于实现.将滤...     

基于状态空间法的横航向非定常气动力建模

建立了大迎角下横航向非定常气动力的状态空间法的模型,并依据某战斗机的大迎角、大振幅单自由度偏航、滚转及偏航-滚转耦合运动的风洞实验数据,对状态空间模型进行结构辨识与参数估计。最后得到的模型辨识结果和预测值均与实验数据符合得很好,表明所建立的此种状态空间法的模型能准确地描述大迎角横航向非线性、非定常的气动力特性。此外,还得到了不同运动类型的特征时间常数。     

金属光谱发射率的仿真与分析

 在研究物体的辐射特性时,需要用到物体表面的发射率等物性参数作为输入参数。实验测量发射率数据的适用范围受到一定限制,不能满足所有情况的数值仿真需要。从电磁波传播的基础理论着手,结合金属自由电子气模型,考虑光学参数的色散关系和空气入射到金属内折射角的复数关系,并在随机模拟金属粗糙表面的基础上,模拟并讨论了不同影响因素下实际金属表面的光谱发射率变化趋势。将本文的数值仿真与其他相关的实验和仿真数据进行对比,结果表明,该方法从本质理解并计算金属实际表面光谱发射率数值,结果可信,并具有普遍适应性。     

Investigation of lateral-directional aerodynamic parameters identification method for fly-by-wire passenger airliners

A new identification method is proposed to solve the problem of the influence on the loaded excitation signals brought by high feedback gain augmentation in lateral-directional aerodynamic parameters identification of fly-by-wire（FBW） passenger airliners. Taking for example an FBW passenger airliner model with directional relaxed-static-stability, through analysis of its signal energy distribution and airframe frequency response, a new method is proposed for signal type selection, signal parameters design, and the appropriate frequency relationship between the aileron and rudder excitation signals. A simulation validation is presented of the FBW passenger airliner＇s lateral-directional aerodynamic parameters identification. The validation result demonstrates that the designed signal can excite the lateral-directional motion mode of the FBW passenger airliner adequately and persistently. Meanwhile, the relative errors of aerodynamic parameters are less than 5%.