基于连接点的机载双天线InSAR系统相位偏置估计算法

针对在茂密森林或沙漠地区部署地面控制点(GCP)对其进行测量非常困难的问题,提出了一种基于连接点的机载双天线InSAR系统相位偏置估计新算法。基于InSAR原理建立地面高程反演的几何表达式,并根据重叠区域里的连接点高程在两次干涉测高过程中不变的特性建立相位偏置间的线性关系,在用最小二乘法求解相位偏置时,通过对不同的连接点进行加权,使估计出的相位偏置更加准确。对X波段机载双天线InSAR系统获得的实际数据进行处理,结果表明:与传统的算法相比,该算法无需GCP,具有更低的成本和更高的效率,且产生的数字高程模型(DEM)具有相似的精度。     

一种适用于曲面结构的机器人制孔误差在线补偿技术

针对工业机器人应用于飞机零部件自动钻孔时各项误差累积造成制孔精度差的问题，提出一种利用单应关系计算机器人驱动坐标三维偏差，以在线补偿机器人制孔精度的方法。首先利用外部测量设备建立机器人制孔系统中各坐标系关系；在标定阶段，通过以一定倾斜角度固联于机器人末端的相机拍摄一幅安装于制孔工作平面上与刀轴正对的平面标定板图像，并据此完成基于单应变换的手-眼关系标定；在实际制孔过程中，机器人在测距传感器及相机的辅助下，从基准孔理论坐标对应的姿态，不断调整至基准孔正上方理想位置，通过手-眼关系计算基准孔实际位置对应的机器人驱动坐标，然后根据一组基准孔的机器人三维驱动误差，计算三维驱动误差变换矩阵，据此获得这组基准孔邻域范围内各待钻孔的机器人驱动坐标补偿量，从而实现待钻孔定位误差补偿。以飞机结构实验件为对象进行了模拟制孔验证，实验结果表明，补偿前待钻孔三维综合定位误差和法向误差测量值范围分别为2.28~2.85 mm和2.09°~3.93°，平均为2.55 mm和3.30°，补偿后制孔最大误差分别不超过0.30 mm和0.21°，满足自动制孔位置精度要求。     

Displacement monitoring performance of relative positioning and Precise Point Positioning (PPP) methods using simulation apparatus

Besides the classical geodetic methods, GPS (Global Positioning System) based positioning methods are widely used for monitoring crustal, structural, ground etc., deformations in recent years. Currently, two main GPS positioning methods are used: Relative and Precise Point Positioning (PPP) methods. It is crucial to know which amount of displacement can be detected with these two methods in order to inform their usability according to the types of deformation. Therefore, this study conducted to investigate horizontal and vertical displacement monitoring performance and capability of determining the direction of displacements of both methods using a developed displacement simulator apparatus. For this purpose, 20 simulated displacement tests were handled. Besides the 24?h data sets, 12?h, 8?h, 4?h and 2?h subsets were considered to examine the influence of short time spans. Each data sets were processed using GAMIT/GLOBK and GIPSY/OASIS scientific software for relative and PPP applications respectively and derived displacements were compared to the simulated (true) displacements. Then statistical significance test was applied. Results of the experiment show that using 24?h data sets, relative method can determine up to 6.0?mm horizontal displacement and 12.3?mm vertical displacement, while PPP method can detect 8.1?mm and 19.2?mm displacements in horizontal and vertical directions respectively. Minimum detected displacements are found to grow larger as time spans are shortened.     

无人机位姿测量的点特征视觉方法

针对无人机在动态环境下快速高精度定位的问题，提出了用单目相机对无人机上的人工特征点进行位姿解算的方法。在无人机上放置一定数量的小型LED灯，并将其作为视觉测量的特征点，并以其中一个点作为原点建立无人机机体坐标系。通过多场景测量确定特征点在机体坐标系下的三维位置，再将三维位置与特征点在图像中的成像位置相匹配，最后使用EpnP算法求解出无人机的位置和姿态。在实验部分，利用三轴移动平台和三维转台，分别对位置解算结果和姿态解算结果进行误差测量。试验结果表明，位置解算误差在2%以下，姿态误差在8%左右。同时，该算法的处理时间在2 ms左右，该算法可以满足无人机对定位的实时性和精度的要求。     

Preliminary analysis of the quality and positioning performance of BDS-3 global interoperable signal B1C&B2a

BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) satellites are equipped with the new generation GNSS signals B1C and B2a, which support the interoperability with GPS and Galileo systems. In this study, the pseudo-range multipath error and carrier phase observation noise of the BDS-3 B1C and B2a signals were evaluated based on zero baseline measurements from the day of year (DOY) 113 to 116, 2020. Further, the precision and performance of the single point positioning (SPP) and precise point positioning (PPP) are assessed at 9 stations. This assessment manifests that the standard deviations (STDs) of the pseudo-range multipath error are about 0.09 ~ 0.22 m, while STDs of the carrier phase observation noise are about 0.075 mm. For the single-frequency SPP, its positioning precision is about 2.03 ~ 4.85 m and 3.29 ~ 10.73 m at the 99.99% confidence level in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, while the dual-frequency SPP precision is about 1.92 ~ 8.02 m and 4.81 ~ 12.77 m in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. For the daily static PPP, the convergence time is about 20 ~ 30 min, while the daily positioning precision can reach 1.38 ~ 4.42 cm and -1.31 ~ 4.34 cm in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. In general, the quality and the SPP and PPP performance of the BDS-3 B1C&B2a signals are comparable to the GPS and Galileo.     

基于DSP的数控XY工作台同步触发测控系统

为了验证多影响因素作用下的数控XY工作台误差补偿效果，必须设计能够实现温度、运动速度、X/Y坐标位置、标准量实时采集与同步触发的测控系统，用于补偿实验验证。介绍了能够实现工作台运动速度、温度、光栅尺与电感测微仪同步触发并实时采集的测控系统。以数控XY工作台为研究对象，采用电感测微仪为工作台位移标准量，DSP为主控芯片，搭建了实验装置进行了实时采集、同步触发和比对实验，以及测控系统测量误差和重复性误差实验。实验结果表明，所设计的测控系统可以实现预设目标，可以用于不同影响因素下的数控XY工作台位移量与标准量的实时比对，验证工作台误差补偿效果，也为后续数控机床在机测量系统误差补偿器的研制打下基础。     

承压管道壁厚自动化检测系统研制

研制一套自动化超声检测系统,对1~2 mm壁厚承压管道的均匀性进行检测,获得承压管道全壁厚信息,为航天系统中的承压管道可靠性和安全性设计提供依据。超声检测系统采用六点矩阵控制方法,获取承压管道周向的全壁厚信息。文中研制的系统包括超声硬件系统;机械执行系统,实现超声换能器的夹持与运动;超声软件系统,搭建数据算法,对检测信号进行分析处理。试验结果表明该自动化超声检测系统对承压管道全壁厚信息的检测精度不低于0.02 mm。该超声检测系统对其它无损检测研究和系统开发具有很好的参考价值。     

Didactic satellite based on Android platform for space operation demonstration and development

Space technology plays a pivotal role in society development. It offers new methods for telemetry, monitoring and control. However, this sector requires training, research and skills development but the lack of instruments, materials and budgets affects the ambiguity to understand satellite technology. The objective of this paper is to describe a demonstration prototype of a smart phone device for space operations study. Therefore, the first task was carried out to give a demonstration for spatial imagery and attitude determination missions through a wireless communication. The smart phone’s Bluetooth was used to achieve this goal inclusive of a new method to enable real time transmission. In addition, an algorithm around a quaternion based Kalman filter was included in order to detect the reliability of the prototype's orientation. The second task was carried out to provide a demonstration for the attitude control mission using the smart phone’s orientation sensor, including a new method for an autonomous guided mode. As a result, the acquisition platform showed real time measurement with good accuracy for orientation detection and image transmission. In addition, the prototype kept the balance during the demonstration based on the attitude control method.     

基于原-对偶内点算法的电力系统无功优化

原-对偶内点算法很好的继承了牛顿法的优点,并能将函数性约束和变量性约束一并处理。应用该方法求解电力系统无功优化问题时能有效处理目标函数中的大量不等式约束。IEEE 14节点节点系统的仿真结果表明,该算法收敛快、鲁棒性好。     

四元数UKF超紧密组合导航滤波方法

针对GPS/SINS(Global Positioning System/Strapdown Inertial Navigation Sys-tem)超紧密组合导航系统线性化滤波在高动态、弱GPS信号等环境下性能下降严重的问题,提出了一种以四元数UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)为基础的GPS/SINS超紧密组合导航系统非线性滤波方法.通过分析GPS与SINS在超紧密组合导航系统中的关系,提出了一种利用SINS信息来估计、修正GPS载波信号的方法,在此基础上建立了组合导航滤波的状态方程和量测方程;以四元数乘性误差模型为基础,提出了一种可应用于UKF滤波的求解四元数加权均值的方法;提出了基于四元数UKF的GPS/SINS超紧密组合导航滤波方法.仿真实验表明:在高动态环境下,四元数UKF滤波方法增强了GPS/SINS超紧密组合导航系统的定位精度和抗干扰能力.