星载聚束式SAR天线波束指向控制分析

建立了波束控制条件下的星载聚束式SAR的天线指向及成像数学模型,证实天线波束指向被控造成回波信号的幅度调制,引起成对回波,从而影响成像质量.此外,分析了波束指向控制比率与测绘带方位宽度、图像动态范围的制约关系,提出设计星载聚束式 SAR天线波束指向控制比率的基本原则.最后,通过计算机仿真,验证了理论分析的正确性.      

一种多帧相关滤波的星敏感器像素非均匀性误差校正方法

为了进一步提升星敏感器的星点定位精度,分析星敏感器的像素误差来源和形成机理,提出一种多帧相关滤波的像素非均匀性误差校正方法.根据星图中星点的位置确定质心定位域和局部校正域,利用当前帧星图信息和前一帧的局部校正域信息预测当前帧的校正域,满足校正条件后采用差分法校正质心定位域.实验结果表明,本文方法能够较好地预测星图的非均匀性噪声,提升星点定位精度,具有较好的鲁棒性.     

GALILEO接收机中BOC(1,1)信号的捕获

BOC(1,1)(Binary-Offset-Carrier)信号相关函数中的零值会使接收机判定没有捕获到信号.为了完全捕获到BOC(1,1)信号,从副载波相位和码相位角度出发,提出了一种3路并行捕获方法.通过数字仿真得到了BOC(1,1)和扩频码的相关函数图,比较了二者相关函数的峰值.推导了BOC(1,1)相关函数的解析式,给出了相关函数中的零点位置和峰值位置,比较了BOC(1,1)和扩频码的相关函数数值及捕获.3路本地BOC信号以其中一路相位为基准,另外2路相位分别超前、滞后该路.给出了3路本地信号的生成方法及捕获的结构框图.仿真结果表明,捕获码相位差在半个码片内时,BOC(1,1)信号的捕获率从33.3%提高到100％,码相位捕获范围从1/6码片增大到1/2码片.该方法可为跟踪环路提供相位信息,适用于BOC(n,n)信号的捕获.      

Hierarchical global search for fuel-optimal impulsive transfers between lunar libration orbits

The attention to the periodic orbit in the Earth-Moon restricted three-body system continues to grow due to its special environment and locations. This research investigates the feasibility of constructing fuel-optimal single and multiple impulse transfers between unstable periodic orbits at L₁ and L₂ points. Invariant manifolds, which could provide the appropriate initial trajectories for optimization, are analyzed deeply to enable previously unknown orbit options and potentially to reduce mission cost. A global search strategy based on comparing the orbital state of the unstable and stable manifolds, incorporated with low-thrust techniques, is performed to seek a suitable matching point for maneuver application. Then the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is adopted to further optimize the velocity increment and obtain the single/multiple impulse optimal transfers. The associated constraint gradients are derived to achieve higher accuracy and rapidity of the algorithm. To highlight the effectivity of the transfer scheme, three-dimensional low-energy transfers between different types and spatial regions of performing single and multiple impulses are explored. The total Delta-V required varies between a few meters per second and tens of meters per second, and the related flight time is about several weeks, mainly depending on the energy of periodic orbits and the invariant manifold structure. The results obtained in this paper can provide a useful reference for the selection of escape and capture site along the manifolds, maneuver magnitude and transfer time.     

Comprehensive outage compensation of real-time orbit and clock corrections with broadcast ephemeris for ambiguity-fixed precise point positioning

The main challenge in real-time precise point positioning (PPP) is that the data outages or large time lags in receiving precise orbit and clock corrections greatly degrade the continuity and real-time performance of PPP positioning. To solve this problem, instead of directly predicting orbit and clock corrections in previous researches, this paper presents an alternative approach of generating combined corrections including orbit error, satellite clock and receiver-related error with broadcast ephemeris. Using ambiguities and satellite fractional-cycle biases (FCBs) of previous epoch and the short-term predicted tropospheric delay through linear extrapolation model (LEM), combined corrections at current epoch are retrieved and weighted with multiple reference stations, and further broadcast to user for continuous enhanced positioning during outages of orbit and clock corrections. To validate the proposed method, two reference station network with different inter-station distance from National Geodetic Survey (NGS) network are used for experiments with six different time lags (i.e., 5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 30 s, 45 s and 60 s), and one set of data collected by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is also used. The performance of LEM is investigated, and the troposphere prediction accuracy of low elevation (e.g., 10–20degrees) satellites has been improved by 44.1% to 79.0%. The average accuracy of combined corrections before and after LEM is used is improved by 12.5% to 77.3%. Without LEM, an accuracy of 2–3 cm can be maintained only in case of small time lags, while the accuracies with LEM are all better than 2 cm in case of different time lags. The performance of simulated kinematic PPP at user end is assessed in terms of positioning accuracy and epoch fix rate. In case of different time lags, after LEM is used, the average accuracy in horizontal direction is better than 3 cm, and the accuracy in up direction is better than 5 cm. At the same time, the epoch fix rate has also increased to varying degrees. The results of the UAV data show that in real kinematic environment, the proposed method can still maintain a positioning accuracy of several centimeters in case of 20 s time lag.     

基于ADRC迭代学习控制的四旋翼无人机姿态控制

针对农用无人机超低空表型遥感和喷药精准悬停易受地效扰动问题，提出了一种自适应ADRC姿态控制器。首先设计了基于ADRC的姿态控制器，结合四旋翼无人机平台在0.9~1.1、1.1~1.3、1.4~1.6、2.0~2.4、2.5~2.9、3.3~3.6 m/s侧向水平风、0.9~1.1 m/s （11°）、1.1~1.3 m/s （13°）、1.4~1.6 m/s （18°）、1.8~2.0 m/s （18°）、2.1~2.5 m/s （18°）前俯向风和侧俯向风下进行干扰的预测和控制量的补偿实验。实验结果显示使用ADRC姿态控制器后无人机抗风性能有较大提升。然而在存在初始误差时，ADRC固定带宽无法满足要求，进一步设计了自适应ADRC姿态控制器（ILC-ADRC）。通过迭代学习控制在线优化自抗扰控制器带宽，实现了不同增益观测器的自适应整定。实验结合四旋翼无人机平台分别进行了机头实际方向与期望方向偏离55°、90°、180°，水平风速1.1~1.3、1.4~1.6、2.0~2.4、2.5~2.9 m/s下使用ADRC和ILC-ADRC的对比。实验结果显示采用ILC-ADRC姿态控制器，在150次控制周期内，偏航角误差均在-15°~15°之间，满足四旋翼无人机偏航角控制精度要求，同时调节时间分别缩短了40%，16.67%，12.5%，53.33%，10.34%，13.95%，27.27%，58.66%，11.86%。     

基于模型重构的变形叶片配准定位技术

叶片毛坯的精确定位是叶片数控加工的核心问题,为了提高叶片数控加工质量,保证叶片各处余量分配均匀,本文以叶片进排气边的自适应数控加工中的检测定位为研究对象,提出了一种基于模型重构的配准定位方法.该方法利用偏置模型的叶片测量方式提高了测量精度,对基于重构的测量模型进行变形与定位分析,得出较优的定位参数.通过仿真试验和对比分析,论证了本文方法的正确性.     

Performance analysis of PPP ambiguity resolution with UPD products estimated from different scales of reference station networks

Integer ambiguity fixing with uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) products can significantly shorten the initialization time and improve the accuracy of precise point positioning (PPP). Since the tracking arcs of satellites and the behavior of atmospheric biases can be very different for the reference networks with different scales, the qualities of corresponding UPD products may be also various. The purpose of this paper is to comparatively investigate the influence of different scales of reference station networks on UPD estimation and user ambiguity resolution. Three reference station networks with global, wide-area and local scales are used to compute the UPD products and analyze their impact on the PPP-AR. The time-to-first-fix, the unfix rate and the incorrect fix rate of PPP-AR are analyzed. Moreover, in order to further shorten the convergence time for obtaining precise positioning, a modified partial ambiguity resolution (PAR) and corresponding validation strategy are presented. In this PAR method, the ambiguity subset is determined by removing the ambiguity one by one in the order of ascending elevations. Besides, for static positioning mode, a coordinate validation strategy is employed to enhance the reliability of the fixed coordinate. The experiment results show that UPD products computed by smaller station network are more accurate and lead to a better coordinate solution; the PAR method used in this paper can shorten the convergence time and the coordinate validation strategy can improve the availability of high precision positioning.     

Near real-time PPP-based monitoring of the ionosphere using dual-frequency GPS/BDS/Galileo data

Ionosphere delay is very important to GNSS observations, since it is one of the main error sources which have to be mitigated even eliminated in order to determine reliable and precise positions. The ionosphere is a dispersive medium to radio signal, so the value of the group delay or phase advance of GNSS radio signal depends on the signal frequency. Ground-based GNSS stations have been used for ionosphere monitoring and modeling for a long time. In this paper we will introduce a novel approach suitable for single-receiver operation based on the precise point positioning (PPP) technique. One of the main characteristic is that only carrier-phase observations are used to avoid particular effects of pseudorange observations. The technique consists of introducing ionosphere ambiguity parameters obtained from PPP filter into the geometry-free combination of observations to estimate ionospheric delays. Observational data from stations that are capable of tracking the GPS/BDS/GALILEO from the International GNSS Service (IGS) Multi-GNSS Experiments (MGEX) network are processed. For the purpose of performance validation, ionospheric delays series derived from the novel approach are compared with the global ionospheric map (GIM) from Ionospheric Associate Analysis Centers (IAACs). The results are encouraging and offer potential solutions to the near real-time ionosphere monitoring.     

GNSS global real-time augmentation positioning: Real-time precise satellite clock estimation,prototype system construction and performance analysis

Lots of ambiguities in un-differenced (UD) model lead to lower calculation efficiency, which isn’t appropriate for the high-frequency real-time GNSS clock estimation, like 1 Hz. Mixed differenced model fusing UD pseudo-range and epoch-differenced (ED) phase observations has been introduced into real-time clock estimation. In this contribution, we extend the mixed differenced model for realizing multi-GNSS real-time clock high-frequency updating and a rigorous comparison and analysis on same conditions are performed to achieve the best real-time clock estimation performance taking the efficiency, accuracy, consistency and reliability into consideration. Based on the multi-GNSS real-time data streams provided by multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) and Wuhan University, GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning prototype system is designed and constructed, including real-time precise orbit determination, real-time precise clock estimation, real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) and real-time Standard Point Positioning (RT-SPP). The statistical analysis of the 6 h-predicted real-time orbits shows that the root mean square (RMS) in radial direction is about 1–5 cm for GPS, Beidou MEO and Galileo satellites and about 10 cm for Beidou GEO and IGSO satellites. Using the mixed differenced estimation model, the prototype system can realize high-efficient real-time satellite absolute clock estimation with no constant clock-bias and can be used for high-frequency augmentation message updating (such as 1 Hz). The real-time augmentation message signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE), a comprehensive accuracy of orbit and clock and effecting the users’ actual positioning performance, is introduced to evaluate and analyze the performance of GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning system. The statistical analysis of real-time augmentation message SISRE is about 4–7 cm for GPS, whlile 10 cm for Beidou IGSO/MEO, Galileo and about 30 cm for BeiDou GEO satellites. The real-time positioning results prove that the GPS + BeiDou + Galileo RT-PPP comparing to GPS-only can effectively accelerate convergence time by about 60%, improve the positioning accuracy by about 30% and obtain averaged RMS 4 cm in horizontal and 6 cm in vertical; additionally RT-SPP accuracy in the prototype system can realize positioning accuracy with about averaged RMS 1 m in horizontal and 1.5–2 m in vertical, which are improved by 60% and 70% to SPP based on broadcast ephemeris, respectively.