利用GPS载波相位实时测定动态飞行器姿态

本文阐述了利用GPS载波相位信号进行实时飞行器姿态测定的基本思想,建立了整个系统实时确定载体姿态的数学模型;给出了动态整周模糊单差的求解过程,阐明了其物理意义．     

Properties of the high area-to-mass ratio space debris population at high altitudes

In the framework of its space debris research activities ESA established an optical survey program to study the space debris environment at high altitudes, in particular in the geostationary ring and in the geostationary transfer orbit region. The Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) performs these surveys on behalf of ESA using ESA’s 1-m telescope in Tenerife. Regular observations were started in 1999 and are continued during about 120–140 nights per year. Results from these surveys revealed a substantial amount of space debris at high altitudes in the size range from 0.1 to 1 m. Several space debris populations with different dynamical properties were identified in the geostationary ring. During the searches for debris in the geostationary transfer orbit region a new population of objects in unexpected orbits, where no potential progenitors exist, was found. The orbital periods of these objects are clustered around one revolution per day; the eccentricities, however, are scattered between 0 and 0.6. By following-up some of these objects using the ESA telescope and AIUB’s 1-m telescope in Zimmerwald, Switzerland, it was possible to study the properties of this new population. One spectacular finding from monitoring the orbits over time spans of days to months is the fact that these objects must have extreme area-to-mass ratios, which are by several orders of magnitudes higher than for ‘normal-type’ debris. This in turn supports the hypothesis that the new population actually is debris generated in or near the geostationary ring and which is in orbits with periodically varying eccentricity and inclination due to perturbations by solar radiation pressure. In order to further study the nature of these debris, multi-color and temporal photometry (light curves) were acquired with the Zimmerwald telescope. The light curves show strong variations over short time intervals, including signals typical for specular reflections. Some objects exhibit distinct periodic variations with periods ranging from 10 to several 100 s. All this is indicative for objects with complicated shapes and some highly reflective surfaces.     

一种确定自旋卫星姿态的新方法

提出了一种在自旋稳定卫星自旋轴与几何体轴重合或几乎重合时只利用太阳角计算自旋卫星姿态的方法。给出了方法的原理及适用范围。研究表明：定姿精度仅与太敏测量精度有关,减小了传统方法中太敏与地敏两项测量误差产生的误差,方法原理简单、精度高。由实际卫星数据的长期验证可知：方法能在卫星自旋轴与实际几何轴偏差较小时实现快速定姿,定姿结果满足要求。     

固体姿轨控发动机燃气电磁阀快速驱动电路研究

提出了一种高压RC延时控制的高低压驱动电路,用于姿轨控发动机燃气阀控制。在闭合的启动阶段对线圈施加高电压提供大电流,加速电磁阀闭合;闭合的保持阶段施加低电压维持较小电流,保证线圈安全,降低功耗;开启阶段加速线圈电流泄放,提高开启速度,满足了发动机快速关断和开启的要求;信号电路和功率电路相互隔离;RC电路作为高电压延时器件,只需1路控制信号,电路得以简化。     

多线程机制应用于测控实时系统的关键技术研究

和传统的进程机制相比,多线程机制具有节省系统的存储资源,减少系统的控制、调度、通信和同步开销,以及内核并发的特征,这些特征能够提高实时系统的实时性能。本文以测控实时系统的开发为例,说明多线程机制应用于实时系统中的优势以及开发中需要解决的关键问题。     

任务表集群计算平台的实时性研究

实时计算系统的关键特征包含计算时限保证和可信度两个方面。本文从进程配置、负载分配、消息传递等方面介绍任务表算法集群平台的计算时间保证措施;从瞬间故障表现和长期运行表现介绍平台在实时应用中的可信度措施。     

喷口遮挡对射流式姿控火箭发动机性能的影响

通过数值模拟和试验研究,分析了喷口遮挡对姿控火箭发动机性能的影响。结果表明,当发动机喷口被遮挡时,姿控发动机不能跟随控制指令产生所需的反向推力,其稳定弹轴的能力减弱,从而影响火箭弹的落点精度。     

快响SAR卫星零多普勒波束中心姿态机动策略研究

传统偏航牵引方法采用惯性系下卫星轨道6要素推导得出姿态机动参数,在此方法中仅控制卫星主轴方向多普勒频率为0Hz,无法补偿SAR天线安装偏差和波束在天线内的方位距离向离轴角引起的斜距偏差和多普勒频率偏移,不能满足SAR系统时序设计需求和快响SAR卫星在轨实时处理器性能要求。因此,提出了地心固定坐标系中SAR天线波束指向零多普勒面内目标方向的姿态机动策略,使快响SAR卫星在轨实际波束中心多普勒频率为0Hz。该策略首先计算了基于场景目标的SAR总体设计的精确时序参数和观测参数,然后在地心固定坐标系中建立了波束中心多普勒频率为0Hz的SAR天线波束三轴指向模型,推导得出卫星三轴指向和姿态机动参数,并通过Matlab对该策略进行了仿真验证。结果表明,该策略可将多普勒频率由地球自转引起的29kHz、天线与卫星安装偏差引起的360Hz和波束方位向离轴角引起的3950Hz补偿至0Hz,同时将由天线与卫星安装偏差和波束距离向离轴角综合引起的波束中心偏离目标的斜距偏差6.28km补偿至米的量级。