基于电磁波三维结构向量的飞行器姿态估计

以电磁波三维空间结构向量为参照的飞行器姿态/航向测量研究，可弥补空间参照物缺乏，丰富空间飞行器姿态/航向测量工具。本文根据各缺损电磁矢量传感器姿态位置与接收信号之间的变化规律，建立飞行器载电磁矢量传感器阵列导向矢量。根据协同导航的多个信号空间谱和最大化，实现平台姿态/航向测量。飞行器多位置的多个传感器共同测量姿态可避免遮挡，获得更高姿态精度的同时拓展了系统的适用领域。接收电磁信息完备状态下，不需导航信号，测绘平稳的杂波就能作为姿态基准。仿真试验验证了姿态估计的有效性。     

Survey-only optical strategies for cataloguing space debris objects in the future European space surveillance system

In the framework of a potential European Space Situational Awareness System (ESSAS), we propose some optical strategies such that try to minimize the requirement of tracking measurements for the orbit determination computation when the catalogue is under construction. We will analyse them in terms of coverage, timeliness and orbit determination accuracy by means of the AS4 simulator (developed by Deimos Space S.L.U.). Moreover, observation campaigns have been performed from La Sagra Observatory in order to check the applicability of those strategies. These strategies are used for defining different choices for the future European Optical Space Surveillance System in the framework of the ESA contract no. 22738/09/D/HK.     

Modified unscented Kalman filtering and its application in autonomous satellite navigation

In this paper, a modified unscented Kalman filter (UKF) for nonlinear stochastic systems is proposed, and it is applied to autonomous orbit determination for Earth satellites. Based on some standard results about the boundedness of stochastic processes and a new formulation of the unscented transformation (UT), it is demonstrated that the design of the noise covariance matrix plays an important role in enhancing the filter stability. Furthermore, a particular design of the noise covariance matrix is proposed as a modification of the UKF. The modified UKF is less sensitive to the initial error than the usual one. High performance of the modified UKF is illustrated in comparison with the usual one by using the real data obtained from an Earth sensor.     

Central difference predictive filter for attitude determination with low precision sensors and model errors

Attitude determination is one of the key technologies for Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) of a satellite. However, serious model errors may exist which will affect the estimation accuracy of ACDS, especially for a small satellite with low precision sensors. In this paper, a central difference predictive filter (CDPF) is proposed for attitude determination of small satellites with model errors and low precision sensors. The new filter is proposed by introducing the Stirling’s polynomial interpolation formula to extend the traditional predictive filter (PF). It is shown that the proposed filter has higher accuracy for the estimation of system states than the traditional PF. It is known that the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) has also been used in the ADCS of small satellites with low precision sensors. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed filter, the UKF is also employed to compare it with the CDPF. Numerical simulations show that the proposed CDPF is more effective and robust in dealing with model errors and low precision sensors compared with the UKF or traditional PF.     

飞行校验系统GPS/DGPS定位及排故分析

飞行校验对保证各类导航设备的精度符合性至关重要,完成飞行校验的核心部件是机载飞行校验系统,其中的飞机实时定位分系统对校验结果产生重要影响。本文对当前校验系统中较常用的定位手段及故障隔离案例进行分析。     

Simultaneous spacecraft attitude and orbit estimation using magnetic field vector measurements

Based on magnetometer measurements only, three-axis attitude, rate, and orbit estimation are successfully achieved. A single Augmented Dynamics Extended Kalman Filter (ADEKF) is configured by combining the spacecraft nonlinear attitude dynamics and quaternion kinematics with orbital mechanics. The filter design is adopted for three-axis stabilized spacecraft in low Earth orbits where the aerodynamic drag is the dominant source of disturbances in addition to the spacecraft magnetic residuals. To reduce the computational burden, another Interlaced Extended Kalman Filter (IEKF) is developed to uncouple the attitude/rate from the orbit dynamics. Both filters are implemented using the magnetometer measurements and their corresponding time derivatives. As a part of EgyptSat-1 flight scenario, detumbling and standby modes are used for performance testing of the ADEKF. The concept of local observability is applied to the basic filter and the stability is investigated by incorporating extensive Monte Carlo simulations with uniformly distributed initial conditions. The filter shows the capability of estimating the attitude better than 5 deg and rate of order 0.03 deg/s in each axis. In orbit estimation, the filter is capable of estimating the position with accuracy less than 8 km and velocity upto 5 m/s in each axis.     

考虑质心漂移的载人月面着陆器自适应姿态跟踪控制

月面着陆器在下降着陆过程中质量变化大,质心漂移及其引起的姿态扰动问题突出。载人月面着陆任务对安全性可靠性要求高,如何提高姿态控制的精度和稳定度是着陆任务顺利实施的关键。文章提出采用反作用控制系统和推力矢量控制的联合姿态控制方案,设计了自适应姿态控制器及质心漂移自适应估计器,通过李雅普洛夫方法证明闭环姿态控制系统稳定,引入反作用控制和推力矢量控制的误差特性以检验控制器的鲁棒性。数值仿真结果表明该控制方案可行,所设计自适应姿态控制器能使姿态控制系统稳定,推力矢量控制侧摆能使推力指向跟踪质心,可为工程应用提供参考。     

IDENTIFICATION OF GYRO DRIFTS UNDER THREE AXIS ATTITUDE COUPLING

ＩＤＥＮＴＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＧＹＲＯＤＲＩＦＴＳＵＮＤＥＲＴＨＲＥＥＡＸＩＳＡＴＴＩＴＵＤＥＣＯＵＰＬＩＮＧＪＩＮＧＷｕｘｉｎｇ（荆武兴），ＷＡＮＧＸｕｅｘｉａｏ（王学孝），ＷＵＹａｏｈｕａ（吴瑶华）（ＨａｒｂｉｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＴｅｃｈｎ...     

可重复使用运载器再入轨迹与制导控制方法综述

可重复使用运载器（RLV）是未来实现快速、可靠及廉价进出空间的必然趋势，也是当前航空航天领域的研究热点。对RLV再入段的轨迹优化、制导及控制方法进行了综述。在RLV再入轨迹优化方法上，分别从间接法、直接法以及伪谱法等方面进行了综述，在深入分析每类方法特点的基础上，对其未来发展趋势进行了展望；在RLV再入制导方法上，分别从离线标称轨迹制导、在线轨迹重构制导、预测校正制导等方面进行了综述，对每类再入制导方法进行了优缺点分析，并对未来发展方向进行了总结；在RLV再入姿态控制方法上，分别从线性控制方法、非线性控制方法、智能控制方法等方面对其进行了综述，并对其特点和未来发展趋势进行了分析。最后，对RLV再入制导控制一体化方法进行了综述，指出了未来RLV制导控制一体化研究中亟需解决的关键问题。     

基于无源性的带液体晃动月球着陆器的姿态控制

针对带液体晃动的月球着陆器提出了一种基于无源性的姿态控制方法.分析了由拉格朗日力学建立数学模型的带液体晃动的月球着陆器系统的特性,并证明了该系统的无源性.无源性保证了系统的输入输出稳定性,提出的Lyapunov函数保证了系统的内部稳定性.根据系统的无源性和提出的Lya-punov函数推导出基于无源性的控制方法.仿真结果表明,该方法能很好地达到控制效果.