组合式航天器分离后姿态控制器设计

针对组合式航天器分离后惯量矩阵会产生较大变化的特点,提出了一种自适应控制律。利用姿态四元数建立航天器运动学模型,基于Lyapunov稳定理论,用退步控制方法设计了控制律。理论分析表明该控制律可保证系统渐近稳定,仿真结果验证了该控制律的有效性。     

基于反馈摄动的航天器姿态正规矩阵控制

研究三轴稳定的挠性航天器姿态的鲁棒控制问题．由混合坐标方程导出姿态动力学逆传递函数矩阵,并分析其正规性．基于正规性分析结果,使用系统不确定性反馈摄动描述对姿态控制系统的正规矩阵设计方法进行研究．研究结果表明,逆传递函数矩阵可视为正规矩阵,且动力学参数的摄动不影响其正规性．利用这一特性,提出一种适用于航天器姿态控制的正规矩阵设计方法．在该方法中,航天器姿态的鲁棒控制可以通过增加参数约束达成对三轴姿态的独立控制,从而提高设计的可继承性．计算机仿真验证了该设计方法的有效性．     

Multi-objective output-feedback control for microsatellite attitude control: An LMI approach

Mixed H₂/H_∞ output-feedback controller with pole placement constraints against the internal uncertainty of moment-of-inertia variation and space environmental disturbances is proposed for mircosatellite attitude control. The multi-objective controller is designed based on linear model of attitude dynamics. The H_∞ performance takes into account both robustness stability against moments-of-inertia uncertainty and the disturbance rejection aspect. H₂ performance takes into account the LQG aspect which avoids the undesirable wheels’ saturation effect. In addition, the closed-loop poles can be forced into some sector of the stable half-plane to obtain well-damped transient responses. The problem is then reduced to a convex optimization involving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), so it can be efficiently solved. The simulation results demonstrate that the presented mixed H₂/H_∞ control system is robust stable and optimal in the sense of H₂ norm, and has good steady-state and dynamic performances against the parameter uncertainties and various disturbances for the microsatellite attitude control system.     

深空探测器小天体交会段自主导航方法研究

针对深空探测任务中,与小行星交会段的自主导航问题,首先建立探测器在交会段的轨道动力学模型,并提出了2种导航观测方案:1)利用目标天体图像作为观测量;2)利用目标天体视线方向和目标天体夹角作为观测量.然后结合动力学模型和观测模型推导了2种导航方法的滤波算法公式.最后通过蒙特卡罗数值仿真分析方法,估算了2种导航方法的误差值,结果表明误差值在可接受精度范围内,验证了2种自主导航方法是可行的.     

减压阀振动工程分析

姿态控制系统减压阀采用收缩喷嘴节流结构进行减压过程中,产生压力脉动,可能诱发调节系统低频或高频振动。调节系统的低频或高频振动进一步可能产生共振,引起减压阀失效。分析认为采用控制激振因素、控制系统固有频率、消减压力脉动和消耗振动能量的方法可以控制大幅度的振动。     

弹体自旋条件下姿控发动机控制律设计

针对大气层内带有横向喷流姿控发动机和尾部气动舵的导弹,研究了弹体自旋条件下的姿态控制问题。以导弹的横向加速度为输出,建立了姿态系统数学模型,并对模型进行了分析和简化。考虑了双通道控制和单通道矢量控制两种控制方式,针对姿控发动机的离散工作特点,分别研究了控制律设计问题,实现了横向加速度的快速跟踪。针对喷流干扰效应,给出了喷流放大因子的在线估计算法。最后,进行了数值仿真,仿真结果说明了所提方法的有效性。     

日地L2点航天器编队的分布式自主相对导航

为了实现航天器编队在日地L2点轨道的高精度相对导航,设计了一种分布式的自主导航方法。首先通过信息交互形成局部的测量构型,每颗卫星只基于邻居间的测量进行状态估计,降低了状态维数和计算量;然后根据相互估计的结果进行信息融合,提升估计的精度。在此基础上,对仿真结果进行了定量分析,给出了影响最终估计误差的主要因素测距精度、测量点间的基线与导航精度间的经验公式。在数值仿真中,所提方法达到了厘米量级定位精度和毫米每秒的测速精度。仿真结果表明：该方法有效,且对工程应用具有一定的参考价值。     

Impact of the orbital eccentricity on the attitude performance before and after the deorbiting phase for Alsat-1

Due to the presence of periodic forcing terms in the gravity gradient torque, orbit eccentricity may produce large response for the roll, yaw and pitch angles. This paper investigates the influence of the orbit eccentricity on the performance of the attitude determination and control subsystem (ADCS) pointing of passive Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites stabilized by a gravity gradient boom or having long appendages before and after the deorbiting operation. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, the satellite attitude dynamics and kinematics are modeled by introducing the orbit eccentricity in the equations of motion of a LEO satellite in order to provide the best scenario in which satellite operators can keep the nominal functionality of LEO satellites with a gravity gradient boom after the deorbiting operation. Second, a Quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is analyzed when the orbit eccentricity is considered in order to determine the influence of this disturbance on the convergence and stability of the filter. The simulations in this work are based on the true parameters of Alsat-1 which is a typical LEO satellite stabilized by a gravity gradient boom. The results show that the orbit eccentricity has a big influence on the pointing system accuracy causing micro-vibrations that affect the geocentric pointing particularly after the deorbiting phase. In this case, satellites have no orbital correction option. The Quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter analyzed in this paper, achieved satisfactory results for eccentricity values less than 0.4 with respect to pointing system accuracy. However, singularities were observed for eccentricity values greater than 0.4.     

Dual attitude and parameter estimation of passively magnetically stabilized nano satellites

The attitude determination capability of a nano satellite is limited by a lack of traditional high performance attitude sensors, a result of having small budgets for mass and power. Attitude determination can still be performed on a nano satellite with low fidelity sensors, but an accurate model of the spacecraft attitude dynamics is required. The passive magnetic stabilization systems commonly employed in nano satellites are known to introduce uncertainties in the parameters of the attitude dynamics model that cannot easily be resolved prior to launch. In this paper, a batch estimation problem is formulated that simultaneously solves for the attitude of the spacecraft and performs parameter estimation on the magnetic properties of the magnetic materials using only a measurement of the solar vector. The estimation technique is applied to data from NASA Ames Research Center's O/OREOS nano satellite and the University of Michigan's RAX-1 nano satellite, where clear differences are detected between the magnetic properties as measured before launch and those that fit the observed data. To date this is the first known on-orbit verification of the attitude dynamics model of a passively magnetically stabilized spacecraft.     

A simplified approach to uncertainty quantification for orbits in impulsive deflection scenarios

For the majority of near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) impact scenarios, optimal deflection strategies use a massive impactor or a nuclear explosive, either of which produce an impulsive change to the orbit of the object. However, uncertainties regarding the object composition and the efficiency of the deflection event lead to a non-negligible uncertainty in the deflection delta-velocity. Propagating this uncertainty through the resulting orbit will create a positional uncertainty envelope at the original impact epoch. We calculate a simplified analytic evolution for impulsively deflected NEAs and perform a full propagation of uncertainties that is nonlinear in the deflection delta-velocity vector. This provides an understanding of both the optimal deflection velocities needed for a given scenario, as well as the resulting positional uncertainty and corresponding residual impact probability. Confidence of a successful deflection attempt as a function of launch opportunities is also discussed for a specific case.