姿态四元数相关问题

介绍了四元数计算中的相关问题,包括四元数与方向余弦阵之间的转换、四元数运动方程、求解四元数运动方程时积分步长的选取和高动态应用中非互易误差的补偿,此外还介绍了对偶四元数的发展。     

卫星姿态测量信息的二阶非线性滤波技术研究

卫星应用任务要求卫星姿态在空间保持高精度定向 ,为此有必要研究精确的递推非线性姿态估计算法。文中针对星光 陀螺这种典型的三轴稳定卫星姿态确定系统模式 ,应用基于二阶泰勒级数近似得到的非线性滤波算法处理姿态测量信息 ,设计了二阶非线性姿态估计器的实现方案。在设计过程中 ,把QUEST法作为矢量观测数据压缩技术有效地结合进姿态估计器中 ,使得在多矢量观测情况下的滤波修正算法得到了简化。相同条件下的仿真测试结果证明 ,二阶非线性姿态估计器的滤波性能要优于采用扩展卡尔曼滤波技术的一阶线性姿态估计器     

近地球赤道面轨道上磁性刚体卫星的混沌运动

讨论地球磁场中非自旋磁性刚体卫星在近赤道平面圆轨道上平面天平动的混沌问题.利用Melnikov方法预测出现混沌的可能性并数值验证混沌的存在性.研究表明地球磁场的周期扰动能引起卫星的混沌运动,扰动增大则混沌加强.      

卫星姿控发动机喷管羽流撞击效应试验

在高超声速低密度风洞中试验研究了卫星姿控发动机喷管羽流对平板模型的撞击效应,包括气动力和气动热效应。试验气体为加热的氮气。对两个卫星姿态控制发动机喷管的十种实验状态进行了测量。测出了平行于喷管轴线的平板模型上的压力分布和温度变化及处于喷管上方后流区的挡板的温度变化,给出了平板模型上的气动力和气动热分布规律,并判断是否形成后流区。测量结果表明,试验结果可靠,具有工程应用价值,能为姿控发动机在卫星上的布局提供参考。     

比例式变推力固体姿控发动机非稳态特性研究

为了研究比例式变推力固体姿控发动机的内流场非稳态特性,建立了比例针栓推力器的二维轴对称计算模型,基于动网格技术模拟入口压强随喉部面积变化而变化的推力器工作模式,得到了内流场各性能参数的变化规律。结果表明:在非稳态工作过程中,内流场会出现典型的亚音速回流区、斜激波和流动分离等特征,入口压强、针栓壁面及喷管壁面压强均随针栓靠近喉部而增大,推力器推力逐渐上升,实现了推力连续调节。开关频率会加剧针栓前进过程中头部压强波动。针栓头部收敛角越大,其头部回流区越小。当喉部面积一定时,燃速压强指数越高,发动机压强与推力变化范围越大,为实现预设的推力调节范围,需要选择合适的燃速压强指数。     

基于北斗三号的多区域实时动态授时服务系统

面向新一代移动通信和物联网等领域对高精度、低成本授时的需求,针对典型的实时动态授时服务只能单区域覆盖的问题,提出了一种基于北斗的多区域实时动态精密授时服务系统.该系统由标准时间、时间基准站、高精度时间频率实时传递链路、数据中心和时间用户等部分组成,可实现标准时间实时动态授时服务的全国多区域覆盖.依托中国科学院国家授时中...     

重复使用运载器基于轨迹线性化的俯仰角控制

为了改善重复使用运载器末端区域能量管理段的控制系统性能,提出了一种基于轨迹线性化的俯仰角控制回路结构,该结构由伪逆模型前馈和反馈控制组成.根据瞬时平衡的定义,沿轨迹剖面线性化,获得了伪逆模型的设计方法,形成俯仰控制结构.以高空超声速飞行为例,进行了俯仰角控制设计,并与常规反馈控制相比较.结果表明,基于轨迹线性化的俯仰角控制,可以改善控制系统的动态性能,减小反馈回路的负担,降低积分饱和的可能性.      

天文观测卫星动中探测机动测试系统设计

天文观测卫星普遍采用动中探测模式开展空间探测任务。为了实现动中探测姿态机动模式的地面有效验证，设计了整星机动集成测试方案。设计惯性空间基准的地面动力学仿真，满足惯性空间扫描仿真；设计整星各分系统间高精度时间统一系统，为整星机动测试提供统一基准；基于STK与Matlab接口模块，设计基于实时遥测数据的可视化判读系统，可提高测试判读实时性与准确度。整星测试结果表明，该方案有效验证了动中探测任务中姿态机动功能的正确性和指标符合情况，为开展整星地面测试和在轨应用提供了参考。     

RadioAstron orbit determination and evaluation of its results using correlation of space-VLBI observations

A crucial part of a space mission for very-long baseline interferometery (VLBI), which is the technique capable of providing the highest resolution images in astronomy, is orbit determination of the mission’s space radio telescope(s). In order to successfully detect interference fringes that result from correlation of the signals recorded by a ground-based and a space-borne radio telescope, the propagation delays experienced in the near-Earth space by radio waves emitted by the source and the relativity effects on each telescope’s clock need to be evaluated, which requires accurate knowledge of position and velocity of the space radio telescope. In this paper we describe our approach to orbit determination (OD) of the RadioAstron spacecraft of the RadioAstron space-VLBI mission. Determining RadioAstron’s orbit is complicated due to several factors: strong solar radiation pressure, a highly eccentric orbit, and frequent orbit perturbations caused by the attitude control system. We show that in order to maintain the OD accuracy required for processing space-VLBI observations at cm-wavelengths it is required to take into account the additional data on thruster firings, reaction wheel rotation rates, and attitude of the spacecraft. We also investigate into using the unique orbit data available only for a space-VLBI spacecraft, i.e. the residual delays and delay rates that result from VLBI data processing, as a means to evaluate the achieved OD accuracy. We present the results of the first experience of OD accuracy evaluation of this kind, using more than 5000 residual values obtained as a result of space-VLBI observations performed over 7 years of the RadioAstron mission operations.     

Guidepost-based autonomous orbit determination method for GEO satellite

Guidepost-based navigation system is a novel autonomous orbit determination method for the GEO satellite. The system is achieved by using the camera imaging function to obtain the guidepost images and the GNSS signal receiver to obtain the pseudoranges between the GEO and the navigation satellites. Due to the high altitude of GEO satellite and the time-varying sunlight condition in the space environment, it may be difficult to obtain object image points and the distance measurements of GNSS because of the weak visibility of the guideposts. To deal with the problem, a novel integrated orbit determination system is presented. The Earth landmarks, the in-orbit spacecraft and GNSS navigation satellites whose line-of-sights and the distance can be easily obtained are used at the same time as information for the GEO satellite navigation based on the observability conditions analysis. The observability of the GEO satellite navigation system is analyzed through the physical observability, the mathematical observability and the engineering observability through the observing geometry, the rank of observability matrix and the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) respectively. Besides, the maximum correntropy unscented Kalman filter (MCUKF) algorithm is applied to improve the estimation stability of the system in the presence of non-Gaussian noises. The simulation indicates the feasibility of the proposed scheme.