分布式测控技术在空气透平试验台中的应用

空气透平试验台是一较大型、复杂的试验设备，由多个功能不同的系统组成，各系统之间必须紧密配合、协同工作才能保证试验的顺利完成。采用分布式测控系统，利用其自治性、并行性、透明性等优点，使得系统的层次更清晰、明了；而其中动态任务调度策略的采用，均衡了不同系统负载，从而使得各系统协调并行运行，提高了整个系统的效率。     

速率捷联惯导系统陀螺仪误差分段补偿技术研究

分析标度因数误差补偿的必要性和可行性,提出了对陀螺按照角速度 大小分段进行标定比例系数的方法,以补偿由于角速度变化而引起的陀螺标度 因数误差。通过计算机仿真验证了误差补偿方法的正确性,为实际应用提供了 理论依据。     

基于PXI总线的实时综合测试系统研究

为提高现有卫星测试系统的效率,对基于PXI总线的实时综合测试系统进行了研究。给出了测试系统的中央控制台、实时测试仿真单元和控制输出单元和辅助测试装置主要硬件构成,以及任务管理、实时测试仿真单元、控制输出单元和显示终端等软件组成。介绍了系统的工作原理,以及实时测控、多平台间实时数据共享交互等关键技术。结果表明,该系统从实时测试仿真单元信号采集至仿真运算结束的时间约1~10 ms。     

基于Kalman滤波器的卫星钟实时异常监测算法

基于卫星钟钟差的Kalman滤波器模型,提出了一种卫星钟实时异常监测算法,对算法原理进行了讨论,并利用IGS精密钟差数据,对算法进行了性能验证。结果表明：该算法对卫星钟的异常情况（包括单点相位跳变与连续相位跳变）可以进行有效监测,同时还可以完成异常数据的剔除与替换,并且具有较小的替换误差。该算法具有显著的实时性,可以应用于星载原子钟的实时异常监测中。     

室外大气折射率结构常数实时测量研究

与传统的射频链路相比,自由空间光通信FSOC（Free Space Optical Communication）系统是对现有无线通信技术的有力补充,为了抑制大气湍流对信号光束带来的相位噪声和强度波动,有必要对通信信道状况进行实时监测。首先介绍了基于光斑质心漂移的大气折射率结构常数测量方法,利用大口径接收靶面和窄带滤光片,结合实时图像处理算法,实现了大气折射率结构常数的全天候实时监测。将大气折射率结构常数和光强闪烁指数进行了比较分析,测量结果表明它们的包络之间具有很好的线性关系,进一步验证了实时测量系统的可靠性。     

Receiver-channel based adaptive blind equalization approach for GPS dynamic multipath mitigation

Aiming at mitigating multipath effect in dynamic global positioning system (GPS) satellite navigation applications, an approach based on channel blind equalization and real-time recursive least square (RLS) algorithm is proposed, which is an application of the wireless communication channel equalization theory to GPS receiver tracking loops. The blind equalization mechanism builds upon the detection of the correlation distortion due to multipath channels; therefore an increase in the number of correlator channels is required compared with conventional GPS receivers. An adaptive estimator based on the real-time RLS algorithm is designed for dynamic estimation of multipath channel response. Then, the code and carrier phase receiver tracking errors are compensated by removing the estimated multipath components from the correlators’ outputs. To demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach, this technique is integrated into a GPS software receiver connected to a navigation satellite signal simulator, thus simulations under controlled dynamic multipath scenarios can be carried out. Simulation results show that in a dynamic and fairly severe multipath environment, the proposed approach achieves simultaneously instantaneous accurate multipath channel estimation and significant multipath tracking errors reduction in both code delay and carrier phase.     

Evaluation on real-time dynamic performance of BDS in PPP,RTK, and INS tightly aided modes

Since China’s BeiDou satellite navigation system (BDS) began to provide regional navigation service for Asia-Pacific region after 2012, more new generation BDS satellites have been launched to further expand BDS’s coverage to be global. In this contribution, precise positioning models based on BDS and the corresponding mathematical algorithms are presented in detail. Then, an evaluation on BDS’s real-time dynamic positioning and navigation performance is presented in Precise Point Positioning (PPP), Real-time Kinematic (RTK), Inertial Navigation System (INS) tightly aided PPP and RTK modes by processing a set of land-borne vehicle experiment data. Results indicate that BDS positioning Root Mean Square (RMS) in north, east, and vertical components are 2.0, 2.7, and 7.6?cm in RTK mode and 7.8, 14.7, and 24.8?cm in PPP mode, which are close to GPS positioning accuracy. Meanwhile, with the help of INS, about 38.8%, 67.5%, and 66.5% improvements can be obtained by using PPP/INS tight-integration mode. Such enhancements in RTK/INS tight-integration mode are 14.1%, 34.0%, and 41.9%. Moreover, the accuracy of velocimetry and attitude determination can be improved to be better than 1?cm/s and 0.1°, respectively. Besides, the continuity and reliability of BDS in both PPP and RTK modes can also be ameliorated significantly by INS during satellite signal missing periods.     

基于DSP的数控XY工作台同步触发测控系统

为了验证多影响因素作用下的数控XY工作台误差补偿效果，必须设计能够实现温度、运动速度、X/Y坐标位置、标准量实时采集与同步触发的测控系统，用于补偿实验验证。介绍了能够实现工作台运动速度、温度、光栅尺与电感测微仪同步触发并实时采集的测控系统。以数控XY工作台为研究对象，采用电感测微仪为工作台位移标准量，DSP为主控芯片，搭建了实验装置进行了实时采集、同步触发和比对实验，以及测控系统测量误差和重复性误差实验。实验结果表明，所设计的测控系统可以实现预设目标，可以用于不同影响因素下的数控XY工作台位移量与标准量的实时比对，验证工作台误差补偿效果，也为后续数控机床在机测量系统误差补偿器的研制打下基础。     

Real-time spacecraft intercept strategy on J2-perturbed orbits

A real-time intercept strategy for spacecraft under the non-uniform gravitational perturbation of Earth is addressed in this paper. To intercept a target spacecraft on general conic sections, an interceptor considered in this work makes use of a thruster propelling the constant thrust which is comparable to unrealistic impulse-type thrust. The $J_2$ perturbation introduces critical dynamic variations of spacecraft orbiting the Earth, which results in a considerable amount of position error of the interceptor at the final intercept point. In order to release the burden of $J_2$ disturbance and make the miss distance between the target and interceptor small, a real-time intercept technique with an optimal intercept algorithm is suggested. The strategy proposed is to obtain an optimized output iteratively for a given time interval with previously obtained optimal values. These parameters are evaluated by the optimal intercept algorithm suggested. Once the optimal velocity change is obtained to satisfy intercept requirements, although the orbital system is perturbed, it is easy to regenerate a new solution by setting the previous solution as new initial guesses. This strategy is employed iteratively until the interceptor meets the target. Several numerical simulations are performed to highlight the proposed real-time strategy for spacecraft intercept missions.     

Effective control allocation using hierarchical multi-objective optimization for multi-phase flight

For different flight phases in an overall flight mission, different control and allocation preferences should be pursued considering lift, drag or maneuverability characteristics. The multi-objective flight control allocation problem for a multi-phase flight mission is studied. For an overall flight mission, different flight phases namely climbing, cruise, maneuver and gliding phases are defined. Firstly, a multi-objective control allocation problem considering drag, lift or control energy preference is constructed. Secondly, considering different control preferences at different flight phases, the analytic hierarchical process method is used to construct a comprehensive performance index from different objectives such as lift or drag preferences. The active set based dynamic programming optimization method is used to solve the real-time optimization problem. For the validation, the Innovative Control Effector (ICE) tailless aircraft nonlinear model and the angular acceleration measurements based adaptive Incremental Backstepping (IBKS) are used to construct the validation platform. Finally, an overall flight mission is simulated to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed multi-phase and multi-objective flight control allocation method. The results show that the comprehensive performance index for different phases, which are determined from the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, can suitably satisfy the preference requirements for different flight phases.