高精度地磁场模拟系统的设计与研究

根据地磁导航半实物仿真中磁场环境仿真需求,建立了高精度地磁场模拟系统,通过试验说明了系统中建立零磁空间的必要性并验证了磁屏蔽筒的屏蔽效果,同时对系统的准确性和实时性进行了试验研究。仿真结果表明,在考虑响应时间的前提下,系统能够准确实时地模拟飞行航迹上的地磁总场值,能够为地磁匹配导航半实物仿真提供真实可信的磁场仿真环境。     

基于视觉的大尺度部件相对位姿实时测量方法研究

相对位姿是装配过程中的一项重要监控项。针对大尺度部件对接过程中的相对位姿测量需求,提出了一种基于视觉的相对位姿实时测量方法。该方法利用单目视觉技术,通过采集合作靶标的图像,实时解算大部段间的相对位姿,用于辅助大尺度部件的装配。首先,设计了一套相对位姿实时测量系统,包括搭载单目相机的视觉测量单元,以及用于辅助位姿解算的合作靶标;其次,对相对位姿测量的完整流程进行了研究,包含系统标定方法与实时位姿解算方法;最后,在实验室环境下对位姿测量系统的精度进行测试。试验结果表明,位姿测量系统在垂直于光轴方向的重复精度可达0.02mm,沿光轴方向重复精度优于0.2mm,输出位姿结果时间低于0.3s;对多测量单元组网测量进行了仿真计算,垂直于光轴方向的重复精度优于0.1mm,沿光轴方向重复精度优于0.2mm,输出位姿结果时间优于1.3s。试验结果表明,提出的方法可满足一般大尺度部件对接过程实时位姿监控与对接状态评估的需求。     

一种顾及轨道误差的实时GPS钟差估计方法

为了提高实时卫星钟差估计的精度和稳定性,提出了一种顾及轨道误差的实时GPS钟差估计方法。基于超快速轨道产品,分析了轨道标准差与绝对轨道误差的相关性。通过线性插值获得实时轨道误差信息,以优化先验残差的随机模型。基于先验轨道标准差阈值,采用分段方式剔除实时轨道异常卫星对应的观测值。实验结果表明：轨道标准差和轨道误差的相关性高达0.82。与常用的高度角相关的随机模型相比,GPS卫星钟差估计精度最大提高了15.2%,平均提高了8.1%,钟差误差的时间序列更加平稳,所有GPS卫星的平均钟差STD均在0.15ns以内。因此,超快速轨道产品中提供的轨道标准差与绝对轨道误差表现出较强相关。采用顾及轨道误差的实时钟差估计方法可提高GPS卫星钟差估计精度,准确识别并剔除GPS实时轨道异常的卫星,从而提高GPS实时钟差估计的稳定性。     

GNSS多系统RTK授时性能分析

RTK授时不依赖实时精密星历,精度高、实现简单,在短距离精密授时与时间同步中具有突出的应用潜力。针对城域环境下单系统RTK授时可能面临可用卫星数量较少、收敛时间较长等问题,验证分析了GNSS多系统RTK授时性能。基于中国科学院国家授时中心时间频率资源和3个GNSS跟踪站的BDS-3、GPS和Galileo观测数据开展多系统RTK授时试验,涉及动态、静态和固定站坐标3种模式,并从授时精度、收敛时间和稳定度3个方面展开分析。两条基线的试验结果表明：与光纤双向时间频率传递结果相比,动态模式下,多系统单频授时差异STD较GPS单系统分别提高9.13%和9.01%,静态模式分别提高6.09%和11.76%,固定站坐标模式分别提高3.04%和5.79%,多系统单频RTK授时的授时结果差异STD优于0.25 ns,双频优于0.15 ns;多系统融合使得RTK授时的收敛时间与GPS单系统相比至少缩短25%以上,静态模式下双频RTK收敛时间缩短最多,两条基线分别缩短66.9%和67.8%;3种模式多系统站间钟差的万秒稳均进入10^-15量级,动态模式和静态模式下短期稳定度相比GPS单...     

电子束熔丝增材制造过程随动测温阵列系统

实时监测电子束熔丝增材制造过程的温度场分布对于抑制变形、提高电子束熔丝增材制造质量具有重要意义.研制了一套电子束熔丝增材制造过程的随行动态测温阵列系统,对整个装置进行了系统设计、硬件集成、软件编写和试验验证.结果表明,该随动测温阵列系统在电子束熔丝增材制造过程的高真空、高温、高辐射、高金属蒸气等恶劣环境中能稳定工作,不...     

WR 技术的发展与应用

本文介绍一种在精密时钟同步协议（PTP）的基础上发展而来的新技术——WR 技术（White Rabbit，白兔）。WR 联合同步以太网以及双混频时差法测量手段，通过对主从时钟间链路环路延迟的不间断高精度的测量，后以测量结果对从时钟的时钟信息进行动态校准，主从时钟的同步精度达到亚纳秒甚至皮秒级。文章先引出WR的发展历史，以及WR 中所包含的主要技术，并介绍目前WR 在某些科学领域所发挥的作用，最后提出WR 未来在其他领域的应用。     

Effect of biases in integrity monitoring for RTK positioning

In road transport, continuous high-accuracy positioning is required in real time. To ensure the proper functioning and safety of vehicular applications, integrity monitoring (IM) is needed to protect from the positioning errors under a certain alert limit (AL) with a pre-defined probability of misleading information (MI). In this study, a detailed threat model is developed for real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning application of short baselines. The model distinguishes between ambiguity-float and -fixed scenarios, and considers the influences of phase and code multipath as well as between-receiver atmospheric residuals. With the float ambiguities temporally constrained, the bias contribution that propagates with time-updated ambiguities was studied analytically for the horizontal protection level (HPL) in IM. Based on real data from both static and kinematic experiments, HPL was computed along the direction of the semi-major axis of the horizontal error ellipse. In ambiguity-float and -fixed cases, the HPL was mostly several meters and decimetres, respectively. It was found that time-propagated biases play a dominant role in the ambiguity-float HPL, and among them, phase and code multipath had in general the largest contributions. For ambiguity-fixed case, the phase multipath was found to play a dominant role in the HPL. This shows the importance of considering the biases in the RTK IM for both the ambiguity-float and -fixed scenarios. Given a horizontal alert limit (HAL) of 5 m, the availabilities of ambiguity-float solutions were low, i.e., below 50% for the static roof tests and below 5% for the kinematic road tests. For the ambiguity-fixed scenario, with HAL at 0.5 m, integrity availability was nearly 100% for the static roof tests and above 85% for the kinematic road tests.     

Real-time solution of nonlinear potential flow equations for lifting rotors

Analysis of rotorcraft dynamics requires solution of the rotor induced flow field.Often,the appropriate model to be used for induced flow is nonlinear potential flow theory(which is the basis of vortex-lattice methods).These nonlinear potential flow equations sometimes must be solved in real time––such as for real-time flight simulation,when observers are needed for controllers,or in preliminary design computations.In this paper,the major effects of nonlinearities on induced flow are studied for lifting rotors in low-speed flight and hover.The approach is to use a nonlinear statespace model of the induced flow based on a Galerkin treatment of the potential flow equations.     

A pre-generated matrix-based method for real-time robotic drilling chatter monitoring

Currently, due to the detrimental effects on surface finish and machining system, chatter has been one crucial factor restricting robotic drilling operations, which improve both quality and efficiency of aviation manufacturing. Based on the matrix notch filter and fast wavelet packet decomposition, this paper presents a novel pre-generated matrix-based real-time chatter monitoring method for robotic drilling. Taking vibration characteristics of robotic drilling into account, the matrix notch filter is designed to eliminate the interference of spindle-related components on the measured vibration signal. Then, the fast wavelet packet decomposition is presented to decompose the filtered signal into several equidistant frequency bands, and the energy of each sub-band is obtained. Finally, the energy entropy which characterizes inhomogeneity of energy distribution is utilized as the feature to recognize chatter on-line, and the effectiveness of the presented algorithm is validated by extensive experimental data. The results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively detect chatter before it is fully developed. Moreover, since both filtering and decomposition of signal are implemented by the pre-generated matrices, calculation for an energy entropy of vibration signal with 512 samples takes only about 0.690 ms. Consequently, the proposed method achieves real-time chatter monitoring for robotic drilling, which is essential for subsequent chatter suppression.     

A robotic telescope network for space debris identification and tracking

The two TAROT (Télescopes à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires; Rapid Action Telescopes for Transient Objects) installations are fully robotic optical observatories with optimized observation scheduling, data processing and archiving. Zadko is a 1 m telescope in Western Australia. The fully robotisation of the Zadko telescope has just been completed; it is now included in the TAROT network. In this paper we provide an overview of this international network of robotic optical telescopes. We discuss the advantages of using the network to participate in a satellite and space debris tracking program. This network will access almost all geostationary belt objects, and provide the first real-time satellite positioning capability. The inclusion of the 1 m Zadko telescope into the network significantly extends the efficiency and sensitivity of the existing two telescope configuration.