Cluster observations showing the indication of the formation of a modified-two-stream instability in the geomagnetic tail

This study presents several observations of the Cluster spacecraft on September 24, 2003 around 15:10 UT, which show necessary prerequisites and consequences for the formation of the so-called modified-two-stream instability (MTSI). Theoretical studies suggest that the plasma is MTSI unstable if (1) a relative drift of electrons and ions is present, which exceeds the Alfvèn speed, and (2) this relative drift or current is in the cross-field direction. As consequences of the formation of a MTSI one expects to observe (1) a field-aligned electron beam, (2) heating of the plasma, and (3) an enhancement in the B-wave spectrum at frequencies in the range of the lower-hybrid-frequency (LHF). In this study we use prime parameter data of the CIS and PEACE instruments onboard the Cluster spacecraft to verify the drift velocities of ions and electrons, FGM data to calculate the expected LHF and Alfvèn velocity, and the direction of the current. The B-wave spectrum is recorded by the STAFF instrument of Cluster. Finally, a field aligned beam of electrons is observed by 3D measurements of the IES instrument of the RAPID unit. Observations are verified using a theoretical model showing the build-up of a MTSI under the given circumstances.     

Daytime VHF amplitude scintillations recorded at an Indian low-latitude station,Waltair (17.7°N, 83.3°E) during 1997–2003

In this research, it is presented the daytime amplitude scintillations recorded at VHF frequency (244 MHz) at an Indian low-latitude station, Waltair (17.7°N, 83.3°E) during seven continuous years (1997–2003). Contrary to the nighttime scintillation seasonal trends, the occurrence of daytime scintillations maximizes during summer followed by winter and the equinox seasons. The fade depths, scintillation indices and the patch durations of daytime scintillations are meager when compared with their nighttime counterparts. A co-located digital high frequency (HF) ionosonde radar confirms the presence of sporadic (Es) layers when daytime scintillations are observed. The presence of daytime scintillations is evident when the critical frequency of the Es-layer (foEs) is ≥4 MHz and Es-layers are characterized by a highly diffuse range spread Es echoes as can be seen on ionograms. It is surmised that the gradient drift instability (GDI) seems to be the possible mechanism for the generation of these daytime scintillations. It is quite likely that the spread Es-F-layer coupling is done through polarization electric fields (Ep) that develop inside the destabilized patches of sporadic E layers, which are mapped up to the F region along the field lines as to initiate the daytime scintillations through the GDI mechanism. Further, the presence of additional stratification of ionosphere F-layer, popularly known as the F3-layer, is observed on ionograms once the Es-layers and daytime scintillations are ceased.     

Two-stream instability generation in the lunar ionosphere

The Two-stream Instability (TSI) generation is studied analytically in the lunar ionosphere. The TSI is a tiny perturbation in the electron plasma density, due to which an electric field grows with time and this growth is facilitated by the electron plasma in the background. In lunar ionosphere, the TSI comes into existence when the solar wind interacts unhindered with the tenuous lunar electron plasma in the surface bound exosphere. In this study, the conditions which allow the TSI to form and the subsequent instability growth with time i.e. the growth factor, is estimated. Initially, the threshold condition for the TSI to take place is determined. Thereafter, the solar wind and lunar plasma parameter contribution to trigger TSI is investigated along with the effect of these parameters in the evolution of TSI. The plasma TSI evolution with the passage of time is also depicted in phase space diagram with Particle-In-Cell simulations.     

磁层亚暴膨胀相的近地触发模型

本文指出现有亚暴的中性线模型其源区在赤疲乏面上离地球太远;以ＧＥＯＳ－２的观测资料为依据,提出了亚暴膨胀相的一个近地触发模型－气球模不稳定性模型,该模型认为,在增长相期间到达Ｒ≈（６－１０）ＲＥ的近地等离子体片内边缘区,出现指向地球方向的离子压强梯度,越尾电流强度增大,磁力线向磁尾拉伸。当等离子体片变薄,电子沉降增强,极光带电离层电导率骤增时,气球模不稳定性在近地等离子体片内边缘区被激发,场向电流     

壁板局部失稳的优化设计

整体壁板设计问题困难在于如何合理地选择设计参数,即筋条高度,筋条宽度,间距和蒙皮厚度等,使壁板作为一个整体,临界应力符合设计要求并尽可能地高,而重量尽可能地轻,用计算机作优化设计的程序尽可能地简单、可靠,内存占用能符合计算机的容量。 本文介绍对某型机机翼油箱等截面薄壁柱受轴压时的局稳优化设计。用有限条元法进行局稳临界应力分析,可使单元划分数较少,占用内存少,即使用矩阵特征值法求解,计算的机时也较短,其结果能符合工程要求,比有限元素法有显著的优势。采用非线性规划的直接法如随机方向法和单纯形法都有相同结果。本文着重介绍单纯形法求设计变量,结果满足设计要求,通过了全机静力试验,并将用于某型机的改型机。     

初始扰动对于气液界面Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性发展的影响

利用果冻实验技术研究几种不同初始扰动的气液界面Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性发展过程。通过对不同波长和振幅的实验结果进行对比发现：波长是影响界面扰动发展的主要因素,并且在不同阶段影响的模式不同。在线性阶段,波长较短的扰动发展较快;在非线性阶段,则是波长较长的扰动发展较快。     

空腔倾向对泄漏影响的流动分析

给出了前倾斜腔,矩形空腔和后倾斜腔三种结构的四空腔迷密封实验结果。通过数值求解非定常Ｎ－Ｓ方程,预测上述三种结构的单空腔迷宫通道的内部流动,计算结果表明：后倾斜腔结构内部是稳态流动,而对于前斜腔和矩形空腔结构,流动表现为总体结构的基本稳定和局部结构的不稳定,局部不稳定的强弱顺序依次是前倾斜腔,矩形腔和后倾斜腔的迷宫结构。通过分析局部结构不稳定对减小泄漏的作用机制,说明不稳定效应的强弱是造成密封效果     

特斯拉阀对压气机深度喘振影响研究

深度喘振是压气机运行过程中最为恶劣的、极具破坏性的流动失稳现象,与压气机部件性能以及系统特性紧密相关。本文通过在压气机上下游采用特斯拉阀以改变系统特性,对比分析了不同特斯拉阀方案对深度喘振的影响规律和机理。研究结果表明,特斯拉阀位置不同对压气机深度喘振特性的影响不一样：压气机下游采用特斯拉阀延长了深度喘振中充放气时间,降低了深度喘振频率同时增大了喘振圈大小;而上游采用特斯拉阀可贮存高温压缩流体,提升进口总温从而使压气机折合转速降低,进而降低压气机最大压升,减小了叶轮所受最大非定常轴向气动力和喘振圈的大小,有效控制了喘振强度。