人民币均衡汇率和汇率失调——基于货币分析模型

在货币分析框架下建立实际汇率的决定模型,确定决定均衡实际汇率的因素为国内外相对货币供给量、相对国民收入和相对利率。基于理论模型,选取1994年1季度到2012年2季度的数据进行实证检验并测算人民币均衡实际汇率和失调幅度。结果表明,人民币实际汇率在样本期内呈现高估和低估交替,且具有一定的修复调节机制,总体未显著偏离均衡水平,不存在大幅低估。因此,我国应继续坚持"自主性"的人民币汇率形成机制改革。     

光纤陀螺惯性测量单元数据频混误差仿真分析

导航计算机对光纤陀螺（FOG）测量数据的异步重采样将引起数据的频谱混叠误差。基于FOG信号检测特点,以FOG闭环输出数据更新率、惯性测量单元（IMU）异步通信定时脉冲频率为参量,以载体的正弦干扰频率为变量,以导航计算机接收信号直流（DC）分量的幅值误差抑制为目标,建立了仿真模型。分析了现有内插抽取方案和滑动滤波方案的数据频混误差及延时特性。提出了类盲发变滑窗长度方案,抑制了频混误差响应谱对滑窗长度的敏感性。仿真结果表明,相比滑窗长度偏离最优值4%的滑动滤波方案,变滑窗长度方案的误差最大值从0.056 85降至0.009 737,能更好地适应定时脉冲信号频率抖动或切换的工程应用需求。      

Electrochemical machining on blisk channels with a variable feed rate mode

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is an economical and effective method for blisk manufacturing and includes two steps: channel machining and profile machining. The allowance distribution after the channel machining will directly affect the profile machining. Therefore, to improve the uniformity of allowance distribution in the machining of channels, a method that incorporates a variable feed rate mode is developed. During the machining process, the feed rates are dynamically changed according to the needs of the side gap at the different feed depths. As a result, the side gaps at the different feed depths vary, contributing to a decrease in the allowance difference. In this study, the dissolution processes of a blisk channel are simulated using different feed rates, and prediction profiles are obtained. Based on the prediction profiles, the relationship among the feed rate, feed depth, and side gap is established. Then, the feed rates at different feed depths are adjusted according to the relationship. In addition, contrast experiments are conducted. Compared with blisk channel ECM using a constant feed rate of 1 mm/min, using the variable feed rate decreases the allowance differences in the convex and concave parts by 62.2 % and 67.4 %, respectively. This indicates that using the variable feed rate in the ECM process for a blisk channel is feasible and efficient.     

GNSS carrier phase ambiguity resolution based on integrity restriction in ambiguity domain

Carrier phase ambiguity resolution of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a key technology for high-precision navigation and positioning, and it is a challenge for applications which require both high accuracy and high integrity. This paper proposes efficient ambiguity resolution methods based on integrity restriction using Fixed Failure rate Ratio Test (FF-RT) and Doubly Non-central F-distribution Ratio Test (DNF-RT), and derives the related processing models and numerical algorithms compared with the traditional Ratio Test (RT) method. Firstly, the integer ambiguity resolution and validation procedures, especially the Least squares AMBiguity Decorrelation Adjustment (LAMBDA) estimation and RT validation are analyzed. Then the quality evaluation using success rate, the FF-RT method using Integer Aperture (IA) estimation and the NDF-RT method are proposed. Lastly, the simulation and analysis for LAMBDA using RT, FF-RT and DNF-RT methods are performed. Simulation results show that in case of unbiased scenario FF-RT and DNF-RT have similar performances, which are significantly better than RT. In case of biased scenario it is difficult for FF-RT to predict the biased success rate thus it should not be used for bias detection, while DNF-RT can detect biases in most cases except for the biases are approximate or equal to integer, which has the important benefit for early detection of potential threat to the position solution.     

核电站工作场所中子能谱和周围剂量当量率测量

中子周围剂量当量是核电站辐射防护监测的主要对象之一,而中子周围剂量当量的评估强烈依赖中子的能量分布。利用自制的多球谱仪对秦山第三核电有限公司（TQNPC）重水反应堆安全壳内5个位置的中子能谱和周围剂量当量率进行了测量。该谱仪由1个³He正比计数器以及9个2.5～12英寸不同直径的聚乙烯球组成,响应函数通过MCNP程序计算,并利用标准²⁵²Cf中子源进行了校准和验证。通过测量的中子能谱,获得了不同工作区域的中子周围剂量当量率及其能量分布,并与中子周围剂量当量率仪和CR-39径迹蚀刻探测器的测量结果进行了比较,为核电站中子剂量的监测提供了相关参考数据。     

USB测距测速数据误差建模和评估

统一S波段（UnifiedS-band,USB）系统是目前中国载人航天和月球探测任务的主要测控网。文章对中国USB系统的测距测速数据的误差构成进行了详细分析,给出了传播媒介、相位中心偏差、时标偏差、通道时延以及卫星星历误差的修正模型,并通过对实测数据的残差分析,对目前中国USB测量数据的精度进行了评估,给出了USB测距和测速数据的实际精度。最后,针对目前USB数据的处理和应用情况,提出了数据处理上需注意的一些问题。文章的结论对今后改善中国USB系统的测定轨精度具有一定的参考价值。     

Dependence of density and burning rate of composite solid propellant on mixer size

This paper examines the effect of mixer size on the density of the propellant and it also explores the role of the propellant density with regards to burning rate and burn rate pressure index. Propellant samples were prepared in the four different size (15, 70, 200 and 1000 g) mixers with identical input of ingredients to examine the effect of mixer size on density and burning rate of the composite solid propellant. It was noticed that density and burning rate of the propellant changes significantly with change in the mixer size from 15 g to 1000 g. This is because for the smaller mixers the surface area to volume ratio is large and the actual percentage of aluminum and ammonium perchlorate (especially coarse) that goes into the propellant reduces. High burning rate with decrease in mixer size is also accompanied with increase in burn rate pressure index. The composition analysis was also carried out and it is noticed that the actual percentage of the ingredients is different from the intended percentage of the ingredients and percentage change is more when the mixer size decreases.     

冷热循环对M40碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料影响的试验研究

对M40碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料进行了冷热循环试验,分别测试了经不同次数冷热循环后材料的质损率、弯曲强度和层剪强度,并通过扫描电镜对试样断口形貌进行了观察。结果表明:随着冷热循环次数的增加,样品有少量的质量损失;其剪切性能先增加后略有降低;碳纤维与树脂基体之间的界面结合状态良好。     

卫星推进分系统发动机螺接头漏率变化规律试验研究

密封并充压后的球头-锥面螺接密封结构的漏率不稳定。文章采用卫星推进分系统管路的模拟件,通过搭建试验平台对发动机螺接头加压后的漏率变化规律进行研究。试验结果表明,螺接头漏率随时间呈现4种变化趋势,但漏率值最终均趋于稳定,同时对其中的影响因素进行了分析。     

一种变信噪比条件下的恒虚警野值检测方法

野值检测又称异常值检测,是模式识别、机器智能和知识发现等领域经常面临的一个问题。当出现环境失配,数据信噪比（SNR）发生变化时,测试样本和训练样本所含噪声会有不同方差,以往的野值检测方法在虚警控制方面将会失效。针对这一问题,提出一种基于归一化残差（NR）的野值检测方法。该方法首先根据所需虚警概率和噪声方差变化情况确定野值检测门限,其次基于训练样本计算待考查模式的NR值,再比较NR值与检测门限的相对大小,从而判断待考查模式是否为野值。这一方法所依赖的检测门限对所需虚警率和噪声方差变化具有适应能力,因此可以在变信噪比条件下实现恒虚警（CFAR）野值检测。仿真实验验证了所提方法在虚警控制和野值检测方面的优越性能。