Impact of DORIS ground antennas environment on their radio signal quality

Among the factors which may disrupt the DORIS measurements quality, the ground antennas environment is of high importance. For a set of 15 selected DORIS beacon, the differences between the effective and theoretical power received on-board the satellites (SPOT-5 and Envisat) have been analyzed in terms of spatial direction around the antenna. Such antenna maps have also been established regarding the Doppler residuals of the least-square precise orbit adjustment. Thanks to 360° views from the antennas and aerial views of the sites, the impact of the signal obstructions (trees, roofs, antennas …) on power attenuation and Doppler residuals is discussed. Depending on the nature of the obstructed object, the attenuation level can reach more than 5 dB, and the residual RMS of the orbit adjustment may be doubled from the nominal value, reaching 1 mm/s locally. The nature of the ground at the foot of the antennas has been correlated to DORIS signal quality at high elevation: reflections on flat surfaces (e.g. roofs) affect the signal more significantly than reflections on natural ground (e.g. soil). In particular, a modeling of the multipath phenomenon affecting Fairbanks site has been established and fits remarkably with the observations. Finally, an evaluation of the direct impact of obstructing objects on the orbit has also been performed. The example of a scaffolding at Kauai site displays a few millimeters error in the along-track position of the satellite.     

Performance evaluation of some rain rate conversion models for microwave propagation studies

An important characteristic of rainfall levels at a particular place is the statistical distribution of rainfall rate. In this paper, 5-min integration time rainfall data for the Northcentral region of Nigeria was obtained from the Tropospheric Data Acquisition Network (TRODAN), Anyigba, Nigeria. Also, 1-min integration time rainfall was measured at Minna, Nigeria. In order to obtain the optimal rain rate model suitable for this region, two globally recognised rain rate models were critically evaluated and compared with the 1-min measurements. These are the ITU-R P.837-7 and Lavergnat-Gole (L-G) models. The results obtained showed that the ITU-R P.837-7 and L-G models respectively underestimated the measured rain rate by 7.3 mm/h and 9 mm/h at time percentage exceedance of 0.1%, while they underestimated the measured rain rate by 23.4 mm/h and 13 mm/h respectively at 0.01%. At 0.001%, the measured rain rate was overestimated by the ITU-R P.837-7 and L-G models by 27.4 mm/h and 3 mm/h respectively. Further performance evaluation of the predefined models was carried out using different error metrics such as sum of absolute error (SAE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), standard deviation (STDEV) and Spearman’s rank correlation. The results obtained adjudged the Lavergnat-Gole model as the best rain rate prediction model for this region.     

机载220 GHz云雷达衰减订正模拟试验

针对220 GHz云雷达回波信号的衰减问题，结合典型云滴谱和云参数，对水云和冰云模拟取样2 100次，应用离散偶极子近似法计算了220 GHz云雷达探测云滴粒子的衰减系数kc和雷达反射率因子Z的关系。在考虑大气和云对220 GHz云雷达信号衰减的基础上，对水云和冰云的机载220 GHz雷达回波强度进行了数值模拟，根据得到的kc-Z关系，进行衰减订正的模拟试验。结果表明:水滴云比冰晶云的衰减系数大2~3个数量级;相对于小粒子的水云和冰云，大气吸收是造成机载220 GHz云雷达衰减的主要原因。高频段的雷达信号在传播路径上的衰减非常明显，本研究中给出的kc-Z关系适用于220 GHz频率雷达的云衰减订正计算。     

粗糙衰减因子在电磁波蒸发波导传播中的应用

为了研究电磁波在蒸发波导中的传播问题,结合我国海域蒸发波导实际情况,推算出其最大陷获角,仿真分析了Miller-Brown粗糙衰减因子随风速和电磁波传播方向与海面夹角的变化关系。运用射线描迹法进行仿真实验,结果表明:只要已知蒸发波导高度,就可得到海面粗糙衰减因子与风速的直接关系。采用高斯拟合模型,给出粗糙衰减因子的简化表达式,解决了模型中Bessel函数展开形式复杂、求解困难的问题,有利于快速获得海面粗糙状况,对分析粗糙海面对电磁波传输衰减影响有借鉴意义。     

Attenuation prediction for fade mitigation using neural network with in situ learning algorithm

Increasing demand of bandwidth in communication satellites has forced satellite links to be designed in Ku bands and above. But at these frequencies, rain and other tropospheric elements result in large attenuation. To mitigate the tropospheric attenuation of microwave satellite signals above 10 GHz using any standard Fade Mitigation Technique (FMT), it is essential to have a priori knowledge about the level of attenuation. Hence, short-term rain attenuation prediction models play a key role in maintaining the link in which necessary compensation can be applied depending on the early information of attenuation. This paper presents a method of attenuation prediction using Adaptive Artificial Neural Network. Here In situ Learning Algorithm (ILA) has been used to enable the system to track the non-stationary nature of the attenuation. To validate this, Ku Band data, collected at three different sites in India have been used for the purpose of prediction. The performance of the algorithm is determined through the estimation of prediction accuracy by comparing the predicted values with the measured data. Results obtained using the mentioned technique shows considerably good accuracy even up to 20 s of prediction interval with acceptable ratio between the under and over predictions. The prediction performance is evaluated for different prediction intervals. Furthermore the present model is also compared with the persistence model and the relative performance is quantified.     

载人航天器内超声在轨检漏的应用基础研究

载人航天器在轨运行发生泄漏会造成极大的危害,需要及时检测和定位,超声检漏设备是一种便捷有效的在轨检漏方案。文章分析了航天器泄漏产生超声波的原理并计算了对应的中心频率,分析了声压衰减原理并计算了衰减范围,通过试验得到4种漏孔的拟合曲线和方程,针对拟合曲线进行了试验验证。结果表明：在20～500 mm的感知范围内,超声波声压随距离的增大呈一阶指数衰减,并随漏孔直径的增大而增大。本文研究结果可为航天器超声在轨检漏仪的研制和使用提供参考。     

着陆缓冲火箭点火高度选择及缓冲效果估计

首先列出着陆缓冲火箭工作期间物（回收飞行器）－伞（降落伞）系统运动方程一般形式的解;然后据此分析影响缓冲火箭点火高度和缓冲效果的各因素,并且给出了确定点火高度和估算缓冲效果的公式。     

多模态时域振动衰减信号各模态分离与阻尼参数辨识方法

针对多模态信号中各模态难以准确分离和模态阻尼参数难以准确识别的问题,提出了布谷鸟搜索(CS)算法参数优化的变分模态分解方法 (CS-VMD)和模态阻尼参数辨识的包络线积分法(EIM)。使用CS-VMD方法将多模态时域振动衰减信号中的多模态分量准确分离开来,利用EIM辨识各模态的模态频率和阻尼比,并与理论值(或测量值)以及半功率带宽法(HPB)辨识值进行对比。位移仿真信号与压气机导向叶片测频信号模态分解及模态参数辨识表明,CS-VMD方法可实现对多模态信号的正确分解,EIM辨识的模态频率误差均小于1.0%;对于位移仿真信号,EIM辨识的模态阻尼比最大误差小于2.5%;对于压气机导向叶片测频信号,使用EIM和HPB方法辨识的模态阻尼比最大差别为9.098%,EIM的模态阻尼辨识精度比HPB方法高。     

自适应挤压油膜阻尼器减振机理研究

提出了一种带有金属橡胶外环的自适应挤压油膜阻尼器ASFD/MRR(Adaptive Squeeze Film Damper with Metal Rubber outer-Ring),它利用环形金属橡胶的弹性变形来调整油膜间隙,以达到油膜阻尼器最佳的减振效果,所进行的实验研究表明:对ASFD/MRR减振机理的理论预测和实验结果具有良好的一致性,该阻尼器在优化设计下,油膜间隙可以得到良好的控制,能明显抑制非线性振动现象的发生,具有良好的减振性能.     

自适应挤压油膜阻尼器减振机理理论研究

研究了带金属橡胶环自适应挤压油膜阻尼器ASFD/MRR(Adaptive Squeeze Film Damper with Metal Rubber outer-Ring)的减振机理,以ASFD/MRR和转子轴颈的受力分析和运动分析为基础,从N-S方程、流体连续方程出发,推导了ASFD/MRR的雷诺方程并求解了油膜压力场.对比ASFD/MRR和挤压油膜阻尼器SFD减振机理的特点,指出SFD仅是ASFD/MRR的特殊形式,ASFD/MRR具有抑制双稳态跳跃等非线性振动的能力,适用于更大的不平衡量范围.