Modeling bending behavior of shape memory alloy wire-reinforced composites: Semi-analytical model and finite element analysis

In this study, we propose a novel and simple exact semi-analytical model for superelastic Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wire reinforced composites subjected to bending loads. In order to study the mechanical response of the composite during loading/unloading, a Representative Volume Element (RVE) is extracted to examine the bending response of the composite. Analytical moment–curvature, and shear force-shear strain relations are derived based on a 3-Dimensional (3D) thermomechanical SMA model and Timoshenko beam theory. The composite Simpson’s rule is adopted to numerically solve the exact analytical moment–curvature and shear force-shear strain relationships. Results including the moment–curvature response, axial stress distribution along the vertical and longitudinal directions, martensite volume fraction, and the tip deflection are reported and validated against 3D finite element simulations. The influence of temperature, martensite volume fraction distribution, and matrix stiffness on the mechanical performance of the composite is also investigated. In particular, the composite is found to behave superelastically under certain conditions of temperature, SMA volume fraction, and elastic stiffness of the matrix. Such behavior is advantageous in applications requiring large recoverable strains or high energy dissipation density.     

基于GPU的NCO相位累积误差消除方法

针对航天测控系统高精度数控振荡器NCO实现需求，利用图形处理单元GPU的高灵活性和高效并行数据处理能力，设计了一种基于GPU的高效高精度NCO实现方法。针对NCO计算中浮点数相位累加运算累积误差大的共性问题，利用无误差变换技术设计了基于Fast2Sum算法和2Sum算法的单精度浮点数相位累积误差综合补偿算法，并利用该算法为NCO系统设计了相位累积求和算子。最后，基于GPU平台对该方法进行了验证。试验结果表明，该方法能够将基于GPU的NCO系统浮点数相位累积误差控制在1×10–5 rad量级。     

Fuel-optimal and Energy-optimal guidance schemes for lunar soft landing at a desired location

Two guidance schemes (i) fuel-optimal (ii) energy-optimal to realize soft landing at a desired location on the moon are developed using the optimal control laws. The optimal control laws are obtained by solving a two-point boundary value problem formulated based on Pontryagin’s principle. The guidance laws, adapted from the optimal control laws, are obtained as a function of unknown co-state variables. Differential Transformation (DT) technique is employed to determine the unknown co-states at each time instant of landing trajectory using the information on the current vehicle state, target landing site (loaded on-board apriori) and the time-to-go. The numerical integration of co-state dynamics is avoided due to the DT based approach. The time-to-go, a critical parameter for any guidance scheme, is computed and updated real time using a simple strategy which uses the current and end states. The simple strategy for time-to-go works well even when the shape of the trajectory is nonlinear. Extensive analysis is carried out to evaluate and compare the proposed guidance schemes. Further, the proposed schemes are compared with other popular guidance schemes. The DT based proposed schemes help quantify the landing masses for fuel-optimal and energy-optimal objectives. Other features of the proposed schemes are that they do not assume constant gravity field and independent of reference trajectory.     

Track-to-object association algorithm based on TLE filtering

This paper focuses on the track-to-object association problem based on the two-line elements (TLE) set. The TLE’s short-term propagation error characteristics are analyzed to capture its uncertainty. Further, a four-step track-to-object association algorithm is designed for the optical observation data. First, for too-short arc tracklets, a circular orbit determination algorithm is proposed to calculate the inclination and the right ascension of the ascending node. Second, the TLEs are filtered based on these results. Nearly 96% of the TLEs can be filtered, which significantly improves the association efficiency. The last two steps consist of two association processes. A first-order association process is implemented first to get candidate objects, with the angles root mean square error as the metric. Then a precise association process checks the candidate objects and gives the final association result. The proposed approach is tested with simulated and observed data, respectively. With simulated data, the true positive rate is 98.7%. With the observed data, the association results were validated using the precise orbit ephemerides.     

近赤道卫星绕飞编队的运动学分析及轨道设计研究

首先对一般运动学方法在进行近赤道卫星编队相对运动分析和轨道设计时存在的问题进行了分析 ;其次介绍了一种基于零倾角轨道变换的运动学新方法 ,用其对近赤道卫星编队中参考卫星轨道倾角对环绕卫星轨道根数的影响进行了研究 ;最后对零倾角卫星编队相对运动方程的线性化误差进行了理论分析 ,并利用数值仿真对两种运动学方法的相对运动方程线性化误差进行了比较分析。数值仿真的结果表明 :由基于零倾角轨道变换运动学方法得到的相对运动方程的线性化误差不随参考卫星轨道倾角改变 ,而由一般运动学得到的相对运动方程的线性化误差随着卫星编队接近赤道而呈非线性增大。     

景象匹配辅助导航系统中的精确图象匹配算法研究

景象匹配辅助导航系统需要在获取飞行器位置偏差的同时获取飞行器相对预定航迹的航向偏差，即获取实测图相对于参考图之间的旋转变换参数。为此，将最小二乘原理引入景象匹配辅助导航系统以获取图象匹配时的旋转变换参数。由于最小二乘原理只能用于一一对应点集的匹配，为此，在给出实时确定图象特征点集一一对应关系方法的基础上引入了最小二乘原理以计算该图象一一对应点集之间的最优相似变换参数，从而构成了应用于景象匹配辅助导航系统的精确图象匹配算法。仿真结果表明，本文研究的精确图象匹配算法在对50个一一对应点对匹配时可以在0．1秒以内完成，且相似参数计算准确，满足了景象匹配辅助导航系统对图象匹配算法准确性和实时性的性能要求。     

自由-自由结构模态参数提取方法研究

从约束试验数据提取自由-自由结构模态参数是试验模态分析领域中的一个重要课题。从多自由度系统特征方程出发，阐述了适合于不同约束条件（弹性和刚性）的两类自由-自由结构模态参数提取方法的基本理论，旨在比较它们的可行性及适用范围。以-悬臂梁结构为基本算例对两种算法进行了深入的数值模拟研究，对模拟结果进行了比较分析。结果表明，两类方法在不同的约束条件下各有优点，存在各自的适用范围，是获取大型航空航天结构整体动态特性的有效途径。     

一种改进的SAR图像姿态角识别方法研究

对Hough变换和Radon变换算法进行了介绍,通过分析两种方法在实际应用中的局限性,提出了一种综合上述两种方法的姿态角识别算法.利用MSTAR公共目标数据库中的目标样本,通过实验验证该方法能够更有效准确地估计目标的姿态角.     

基于AE-UKF的航天器自主导航方法

针对自主导航过程中不确定的测量噪声和干扰的影响,提出了一种具有自适应能力的状态估计方法AE\|UKF方法。该方法通过对非线性的状态方程进行Unscented变换,对非线性的测量方程求取雅可比矩阵,同时在滤波迭代过程中引入自适应因子,使滤波器具有自适应能力。将AE\|UKF方法应用于自主导航系统导航信息的估计过程中,仿真结果表明：AE\|UKF方法在达到UKF方法精度的同时,能够克服自主导航过程中不确定的噪声和随机干扰的影响。     

基于随机振动响应的结构非线性参数识别

复合材料结构呈现出典型的量级非线性特征,非线性刚度的研究是结构设计和分析的基础。结构使用环境多数存在随机振动载荷,在更接近真实使用环境下对非线性参数的识别结果更加适用。文章提出了基于随机减量法和连续小波变换的非线性参数识别方法,设计了基于随机振动响应的非线性刚度识别程序;通过立方刚度单自由度非线性系统算例,验证了识别方法和程序;并通过试验研究了典型复合材料结构的量级非线性特征。结果表明,基于随机减量法和连续小波变换的非线性参数识别方法具有较好的识别精度,多自由度系统不同谐振阶次的非线性特性存在差别。研究结论对于随机振动环境下结构非线性参数识别和建模具有一定的参考价值。