火灾试验中复合推进剂热辐射通量的测量

为了验证热辐射通量理论计算方法对推进剂的适用性,采用热辐射计测试了三种推进剂在外部火烧试验中的热辐射通量最大值和平均值,并根据样品燃烧时间计算了样品的热辐射通量。三种推进剂的热辐射通量的测量平均值为2.87kW/m2,2.65kW/m2和3.44kW/m2,理论计算值为4.06kW/m2,7.62kW/m2和3.67kW/m2。结果表明:当样品燃烧时间大于5s时,热辐射通量的测试平均值与理论计算值基本一致;当燃烧时间小于5s时,由于理论计算公式中设定的燃烧热转变为辐射热的比例(0.33)大于实际转化率,导致热辐射通量的理论计算值偏大,因此建议用热辐射计测量样品的热辐射通量。     

利用天狼星(SIRIO-1)卫星进行的Ku波段电波传播实验

1983—1984年中国和意大利进行天狼星(SIRlO-1)卫星联合实验,本文报导北京地球站所进行的电波传播实验的主要结果。其中包括:11.5GHz下行雨致衰减、17.1GHz/11.5GHz上下行雨致衰减的相关关系,衰减变化率,微波辐射计和信号闪烁等。所获得的结果对我国发展Ku波段通讯或广播卫星系统有参考意义。     

常规靶场光学辐射测量及其大气效应校正

简要介绍了光学辐射测量的理论以及辐射测量在常规靶场武器试验中的一些应用,常规靶场常见目标的光学辐射特征、主要测量参数及意义。论述了红外辐射计校准的意义、校正的方法以及仪器选购需注意的几个问题。还讨论了辐射测量中大气效应校正的重要作用和方法,以及相关的软件。     

Ka波段交流辐射计及其高塔实验研究

以末敏形式精确探测金属目标的毫米波探测器已经在国内外得到深入研究和应用。从工程实现角度介绍了Ka波段辐射计的系统原理和组成,分析了灵敏度以及与金属目标交会的回波信号,并给出了仿真波形图;重点介绍了高塔实验系统、方法,并对实验数据进行了详细分析,实验结果表明探测器的灵敏度小于1.5k,在10m到150m左右作用距离内(垂直倾斜角小于45°)能准确识别出大于10m2的金属目标中心。     

Radiometric estimation of water vapor content over Brazil

A multi-channel microwave radiometre (make: Radiometrics Corporation) is installed at Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais–INPE, Brazil (22°S). The radiometric output of two channels of the radiometer in the form of brightness temperature at 23.834 GHz and 30 GHz, initially, were used to find out the ambient water vapor content and the non-precipitable cloud liquid water content. The necessary algorithm was developed for the purpose. The best results were obtained using the hinge frequency 23.834 GHz and 30 GHz pair having an r.m.s. error of only 2.64. The same methodology was then adopted exploiting 23.034 GHz and 30 GHz pair. In that case the r.m.s. error was 3.42. These results were then compared with those obtained over Kolkata (22°N), India, by using 22.234 GHz and 31.4 GHz radiometric data. This work conclusively suggests the use of a frequency should not be at the water vapor resonance line. Instead, while measuring the vapor content for separation of vapor and cloud liquid, one of them should be a few GHz left or right from the resonance line i.e., at 23.834 GHz and the other one should be around 30 GHz.     

MICROWAVE SENSOR DEVELOPMENT IN RECENT TWO YEARS IN CHINA

The development of microwave sensors in recent two years in China are in troduced with an emphasis on spaceborne sensors without the applications in cluded. The microwave sensors as the main payloads to be boarded on the future operational satellites, such as FY-3 meteorological satellites and HY-2 marine satellite are introduced with much in detail. Besides these, four new sensors are outlined, i.e. the imaging radar altimeter,synthetic aperture radiometer, and polarimetric radiometer. Two recently conducted flight experiment campaigns are also introduced with results shown.     

内卫星辐射计效应建模与分析

辐射计效应是内卫星的主要干扰因素之一, 是决定内编队重力场测量水平的重要因素. 通过分析内卫星所受辐射计效应产生的原因, 建立了内卫星辐射计效应模型, 并分析了各个参数对辐射计效应的影响及减小辐射计效应的方法. 结果表明, 通过降低腔体中平均压力、内卫星表面和外卫星腔体内壁面温度梯度以及内卫星的面质比均可减小辐射计效应引起的加速度.      

“风云一号”气象卫星

本文叙述了中国第一颗气象卫星“风云一号”。这是一颗试验气象卫星,重750公斤,其主体为1.40米×1.40米×1.20米的六面体,连同太阳电池阵共展宽8.60米,高1.76米。运行在太阳同步轨道,高度900公里,倾角99°,每天绕地球运行14圈。地面接收到高质量的图象资料和轨道空间的辐射环境资料。     

气象卫星扫描辐射计的辐射定标

阐述了气象卫星扫描辐射计的辐射定标。包括卫星发射前的地面定标,飞行中的星上定标及星地对比定标。指出飞行中的可见光波段的定标至今还未能投入业务使用,仍处于研究阶段,而静止气象卫星的飞行中定标,无论红外或是可见光波段只能做到相对定标。为解决绝对定标问题,必须寻求星体外的客观目标作为定标源。采用这一途径,即使星上定标设备失效,也不致影响卫星数据的使用。     

Cloud attenuation statistics from radiometric measurements over a tropical location Kolkata,India

The objective of this study is to investigate cloud attenuation at 30 GHz frequency using ground-based microwave radiometric observations at a tropical location, Kolkata. At higher frequencies and lower elevation angles, cloud attenuation is of major concern at a tropical location. The location experiences high value of liquid water path (LWP), which is responsible for cloud attenuation, during the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and pre-monsoon season. Significant amount of cloud attenuation has been observed during monsoon season at 30 GHz. Two years observations of exceedance probability of cloud attenuation and worst month statistics are presented. The variation of cloud attenuation with frequencies for different elevation angles has also been investigated. The seasonal and diurnal patterns of cloud attenuation are examined. Cloud attenuation, inferred from radiometric measurements before rain commencement, has been compared to rain attenuation at Ku-band. Exceedance probabilities of cloud and rain attenuation have been compared.