Multi-block SSD based on small object detection for UAV railway scene surveillance

A method of multi-block Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) based on small object detection is proposed to the railway scene of unmanned aerial vehicle surveillance. To address the limitation of small object detection, a multi-block SSD mechanism, which consists of three steps, is designed. First, the original input images are segmented into several overlapped patches. Second, each patch is separately fed into an SSD to detect the objects. Third, the patches are merged together through two stages. In the first stage, the truncated object of the sub-layer detection result is spliced. In the second stage, a sub-layer suppression and filtering algorithm applying the concept of non-maximum suppression is utilized to remove the overlapped boxes of sub-layers. The boxes that are not detected in the main-layer are retained. In addition, no sufficient labeled training samples of railway circumstance are available, thereby hindering the deployment of SSD. A two-stage training strategy leveraging to transfer learning is adopted to solve this issue. The deep learning model is preliminarily trained using labeled data of numerous auxiliaries, and then it is refined using only a few samples of railway scene. A railway spot in China, which is easily damaged by landslides, is investigated as a case study. Experimental results show that the proposed multi-block SSD method produces an overall accuracy of 96.6% and obtains an improvement of up to 9.2% compared with the traditional SSD.     

盲自适应多用户检测器抗窄带干扰性能分析

CDMA系统的优点之一是可以和窄带系统共存。通过将窄带干扰信号等效为多个虚拟用户,就可以利用多用户检测算法实现窄带干扰抑制。由于接收端一般不知道窄带干扰的特征信息,因此只有采用盲多用户检测算法才能实现对多址干扰和窄带干扰的联合抑制。本文从理论上分析了最小均方误差（MinimumMeanSquareError,MMSE）盲多用户检测器抑制窄带干扰的性能,并给出了仿真实验结果。     

Simulation of X-ray and gamma ray detector response and spectral deconvolution

A detailed Monte-Carlo code has been developed from basic principles that simulates the responses of high energy photon detectors to incident beams of photons. The detector response matrice (DRM)s are calculated using this code. Deconvolution of an artificially generated spectrum is presented.     

星用非金属材料出气污染性质原位测试设备研制

成功研制了星用非金属材料出气污染性质原位测试设备，设备可原位、连续、定量测试星用非金属材料出气可凝挥发物率，给出全过程的出气数据、设备测控稳定、测试仪器灵敏，测试数据可靠；整体设计和技术教研室达到国际先进水平，并有所创新、是中国目前唯一的多功位星用非金属材料出气污染高灵敏度原位测试设备。     

航天器在轨实时污染监测与分析技术

航天器敏感部件原位污染测量可以对高度敏感有效载荷进行实时污染监测,为操作指令提供依据,尤其是末级火箭与卫星分离后,对末级火箭剩余推进剂的处理,要掌握实际情况进行排放。星载原位测量所获得的数据是任何其它方法都不能代替的。     

真空羽流的数值模拟及真空羽流污染的数值模拟分析研究

本文用ＤＳＭＣ方法对真空羽流场进行了数值模拟，所得数值模拟结果符合流动规律。建立了真空羽流污染的基本理论模型，并进行了真空羽流污染的数值计算与分析研究，所得结论与理论分析一致。本文的研究工作为进一步深入开展羽流污染规律研究打下了良好的基础，对工程设计具有重要的参考价值。     

离子推力器羽流特性及其污染分析

介绍了与电推进系统有关的空间环境效应的形成原因及其对航天器性能、寿命等的影响。阐述了离子火箭发动机羽流内束离子、中性推进剂原子、交换电荷（CEX）离子和电子等主要成分与航天器相互作用的过程及机理。分析表明，离子推力器出口处的中性推进剂原子与高速束离子流碰撞后产生的CEX离子Xe^＋，以及带电离子轰击推力器组件特别是加速极所产生的金属CEX离子，是造成离子火箭发动机羽流污染的主要成分。在此基础上提出了若干防污染措施。     

HW/SW Co-design of the Instrument Control Unit for the Energetic Particle Detector on-board Solar Orbiter

ESA’s medium-class Solar Orbiter mission is conceived to perform a close-up study of our Sun and its inner heliosphere to better understand the behaviour of our star. The mission will provide the clues to discover how the Sun creates and controls the solar wind and thereby affects the environments of all the planets. The spacecraft is equipped with a comprehensive suite of instruments. The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) is one of the in-situ instruments on-board Solar Orbiter. EPD is composed of five different sensors, all of them sharing the Instrument Control Unit or ICU that is the sole interface with the spacecraft. This paper emphasises on how the hardware/software co-design approach can lead to a decrease in software complexity and highlights the versatility of the toolset that supports the development process. Following a model-driven engineering approach, these tools are capable of generating the high-level code of the software application, as well as of facilitating its configuration control and its deployment on the hardware platforms used in the different stages of the development process. Moreover, the use of the Leon2ViP virtual platform, with fault injection capabilities, allows an early software-before-hardware verification and validation and also a hardware–software co-simulation. The adopted solutions reduce development time without compromising the whole process reliability that is essential to the EPD success.     

一种基于石墨烯的脉冲星导航X射线探测器

针对脉冲星导航要求X射线探测器具有高能量分辨率和高时间分辨率的需求,研究基于石墨烯电场效应来实现X射线探测的可行性。通过蒙特卡罗方法模拟不同能量X射线和不同厚度探测器基底的相互作用过程,得到不同厚度探测器对X射线的探测效率。利用有限元方法分析X射线在探测器内电离产生载流子的输运过程,验证了X射线入射对石墨烯电学特性的影响。理论分析计算探测器的时间分辨率和能量分辨率等指标参数,结果表明：基于石墨烯电场效应的X射线探测器具有较高的能量分辨率和时间分辨率,是一种潜力巨大的X射线探测方式,可满足未来脉冲星导航的工程应用。     

用于微光探测器的天文杜瓦

综述了天文用ＣＣＤ激光探测器对天文杜瓦的要求，介绍了研制的ＴＷＤ型杜瓦的特点和试验情况。试验结果表明，在无探测腔时，Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型杜瓦容器的技术指标分别达到：有效容积２．５Ｌ和１．２５Ｌ；质量２．０５ｋｇ和３．０２ｋｇ；液氮保存期１１０ｈ和１１６ｈ．真空寿命达２年以上．接探测腔后，Ⅱ型杜瓦液氮保存期为４０ｈ；ＣＣＤ冷盘温度可达到－１００～－１２０℃．