红外辐射大气透过率的工程计算

针对现有红外辐射大气透过率经验计算公式不适用于高层大气的局限性,对其进行了重新推导并引入了高度修正,修正后的公式可用于计算任意高度路程上的大气透过率,修正所需大气光学特性参数全部可查相关手册获得。此外,还设计了适合于计算倾斜路径上大气透过率的计算流程,并给出了计算实例。     

燃烧室中辐射热流分布的蒙特卡罗计算

本文用蒙特卡罗法计算了燃烧室壁面辐射热流密度分布。计算中考虑了燃气参数如:压力、温度、燃气组分及燃气的吸收和发射特性沿燃烧室轴向、径向和周向的变化。详细地说明了计算过程并进行了算例计算。计算所得热流密度值与分布规律是合理的。      

固定发射率辐射温度计校准中的温度修正计算方法

主要对固定发射率的辐射温度计在校准时如何进行发射率偏差引起的温度修正值的计算方法进行了讨论。针对一般的修正计算涉及到在工作波段内对Planck公式进行复杂的积分运算,提出了引入有效波长的处理方法,大大简化了修正计算过程。在用有效波长对较宽波段(例如8μm~14μm)进行处理时发现,对于宽波段,同样也存在着一个有效波长,用该有效波长替代复杂的波段积分计算,可以使得对该波段的研究计算简化。采用有效波长的处理方法与积分处理方法相比较,处理结果符合性很好,证明了引入有效波长概念的处理方法是正确的。     

Active shielding for long duration interplanetary manned missions

For long duration interplanetary manned missions the protection of astronauts from cosmic radiation is an unavoidable problem that has been considered by many space agencies. In Europe, during 2002–2004, the European Space Agency supported two research programs on this thematic: one was the constitution of a dedicated study group (on the thematic ‘Shielding from cosmic radiation for interplanetary missions: active and passive methods’) in the framework of the ‘life and physical sciences’ report, and the other an industrial study concerning the ‘radiation exposure and mission strategies for interplanetary manned missions to Moon and Mars’. Both programs concluded that, outside the protection of the magnetosphere and in the presence of the most intense and energetic solar events, the protection cannot rely solely on the mechanical structures of the spacecraft, but a temporary shelter must be provided. Because of the limited mass budget, the shelter should be based on the use of superconducting magnetic systems. For long duration missions the astronauts must be protected from the much more energetic galactic cosmic rays during the whole mission period. This requires the protection of a large habitat where they could live and work, and not the temporary protection of a small volume shelter. With passive absorbers unable to play any significant role, the use of active shielding is mandatory. The possibilities offered by superconducting magnets are discussed, and recommendations are made about the needed R&D. The technical developments that have occurred in the meanwhile and the evolving panorama of possible near future interplanetary missions, require revising the pioneering studies of the last decades and the adoption of a strategy that considers long lasting human permanence in ‘deep’ space, moreover not only for a relatively small number of dedicated astronauts but also for citizens conducting there ‘normal’ activities.     

Testing the blast wave model with Swift GRBs

The complex structure of the light curves of Swift GRBs (e.g. superimposed flares and shallow decay) has made their interpretation and that of the blast wave caused by the burst, more difficult than in the pre-Swift era. We aim to constrain the blast wave parameters: electron energy distribution, p, density profile of the circumburst medium, k, and the continued energy injection index, q. We do so by comparing the observed multi-wavelength light curves and X-ray spectra of a Swift sample to the predictions of the blast wave model.     

空间带电粒子辐照效应的地面加速试验研究

空间带电粒子辐照下空间材料的损伤与失效是空间材料学研究的重要组成内容,地面模拟加速试验是研究材料辐照损伤效应的重要方法和技术途径。文章阐述了地面辐照加速试验的方法及相关概念,以光学石英玻璃为例验证辐照加速试验与模拟等效区间的概念,为当前研究材料在空间带电粒子辐照环境条件下的行为与航天器设计、选材提供科学依据。     

飞行高度对固体火箭两相喷焰流动与辐射的影响

固体火箭发动机喷焰的辐射特性对火箭目标探测与跟踪识别具有重要工程意义。本文针对某模型固体火箭发动机,基于欧拉离散相模型描述气-固两相相互作用,采用详细化学反应机理计算喷焰复燃效应,基于逐线积分法+米散射理论求解气体及粒子辐射物性参数,通过视在光线法计算辐射传输,并利用测量数据验证了本文模型的适用性,仿真分析了不同飞行高度对气固两相喷焰流动及辐射特性的影响。研究结果表明：随着飞行高度增加,喷焰中燃气与固体颗粒间相互作用减弱,且粒径越大的粒子与燃气间差异越大;两相喷焰受不同飞行高度上掺混与复燃效应程度差异的影响,致其温度分布和不同组分浓度分布存在显著差异;各高度下两相喷焰光谱辐射呈现气体选择性发射谱结构,其中高温Al2O3对辐射贡献主要集中在短波,且高度越高,影响越小;不同谱带间辐射特性受不同组分发射带影响而存在差异,且2.7μm和4.3μm两个主要发射带的辐射峰值出现在不同飞行高度。     

高辐射涂层对刚性隔热瓦性能的影响

文摘由二硅化钼和玻璃料等组成制备了一种刚性隔热瓦表面使用的高辐射涂层,研究了高辐射涂层对刚性隔热瓦结构、力学性能、防水特性、辐射特性、辐射加热试验、风洞试验和深空碎片高速撞击试验的影响规律。结果表明:刚性隔热瓦表面高辐射涂层为致密梯度结构,表面平整,辐射系数大于0.85,防水效果好;高辐射涂层提高了材料的弯曲强度和肖氏硬度;厚度方向的拉伸强度因为涂层和基体的不匹配降低了近50%;石英灯辐射加热试验中,致密的高辐射涂层提高了表面黑度,吸收更多热量使表面温度升高,背面温度上升快。风洞试验中,高辐射涂层将气动加热辐射掉一部分,降低了表面温度从而使材料具有更低的背面温度;含高辐射涂层的刚性隔热瓦能经受典型空间碎片冲击,未产生致命性的破坏。     

Ku频段微带平面天线的研制

利用等效磁流法详细地分析了含有六个弯头的一般曲折微带线单元的辐射场,由此推导出获得各种极化波的单元尺寸设计条件。在设计面阵时,对单元间和线阵间的耦合作了实验性的研究,以单元间、线阵间的阻抗影响最小作为去除耦合的标准。对加工出来的右旋圆极化平面阵列的测试结果表明,500MHz 通带上的驻波特性较好,方向特性、增益也与理论值较为吻合。     

粒子辐照对碳纤维复合材料力学性能影响

对部分碳纤维复合材料粒子辐照前后的力学性能进行了测试和比对,分析了粒子辐照对该材料力学性能影响的部分机理和一些变化规律,进行了微观理论上的探讨。