Minimizing energy utilization for growing strawberries during long-duration space habitation

Strawberry is a candidate crop for space that is rich in protective antioxidants and could also have psychological benefits as a component of crew diets during long-duration space habitation. Energy for electric lighting is a major input to a controlled-environment crop-production system for space habitation. Day-neutral strawberry cultivars were evaluated at several different photoperiods to determine minimum lighting requirements without limiting yield or negatively impacting fruit quality. The cultivars ‘Tribute’, ‘Seascape’, and ‘Fern’ were grown at 14, 17, or 20 h of light per day, and fruit yield was evaluated over a 31-week production period. This amounted to a difference of 2418 kWh m⁻² in energy usage between the longest and shortest photoperiods. All cultivars produced similar total fresh weight of fruit regardless of photoperiod. Volunteer tasters rated organoleptic characteristics including sweetness, tartness, texture, and overall appeal as measures of fruit quality. Generally, organoleptic attributes were not affected by photoperiod, but these attributes were somewhat dependent upon cultivar and harvest time. Cultivars under different photoperiods varied in their production of fruit over time. ‘Seascape’ was the most consistent producer, typically with the largest, most palatable fruit. ‘Seascape’ plants subsequently were grown at 10-, 12-, or 14-h photoperiods over a treatment period of 33 weeks. Photoperiod again had no significant effect on total fruit weight, although there were periodic flushes of productivity. Fruit under all photoperiods had acceptable approval ratings. A large-fruited, day-neutral strawberry cultivar such as ‘Seascape’ remains productive under shortened photoperiods, allowing reductions in energy and crew labor while maintaining flexibility for mixed-cropping scenarios in space.     

Anomalous Cosmic Rays and Solar Modulation

We review aspects of anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) that bear on the solar modulation of energetic particles in the heliosphere. We show that the latitudinal and radial gradients of these particles exhibit a 22-year periodicity in concert with the reversal of the Sun's magnetic field. The power-law index of the low energy portion of the energy spectrum of ACRs at the shock in 1996 appears to be -1.3, suggesting that the strength of the solar wind termination shock at the helioequatorial plane is relatively weak, with s 2.8. The rigidity dependence of the perpendicular interplanetary mean free path in the outer heliosphere for particles with rigidities between 0.2 and 0.7 GV varies approximately as R2, where R is particle rigidity. There is evidence that ACR oxygen is primarily multiply charged above 20 MeV/nuc and primarily singly-charged below 16 MeV/nuc. The location of the termination shock was at 65 AU in 1987 and 85 AU in 1994.     

分叉尾喷管气动性能实验研究

某涡轴发动机尾喷管由环形转接段和双管急弯收扩段组成，其形状呈“裤衩”形。在模拟涡轮出口旋流的条件下进行了喷管模型内流气动试验，采用双向总压探针测量喷管内大回流区，发现从３３°截面开始的大分离区对喷管性能有重大影响。在给定流量条件下，通过该流量的喷管进出口压比Ｐ＊５／Ｐ６远比无分离的理论值要高。试验证明导流板是减少喷管气流分离、提高扩压比、降低进口总压的有效措施。Ｐ＊５／Ｐ６可降低１．７％左右。     

联接翼布局低速纵向气动特性研究

本文基于低速风洞纵向测力以及涡格法的理论计算结果，初步研究了联接翼布局的低速 向气动特性，并与相应的机翼、尾翼相分离的正常布局的试验结果作了比较。结果表明，联接翼布局具有许多优点，如较大的升力线斜率Ｃ、较大的最大升力系数Ｃｙｍａｘ、较大的纵向稳定度、相当小的诱导阻力Ｃｘｉ和较高的巡航或阻比Ｋ，以及具有直接升力和直接侧力控制的可能性。文章还表明在联接翼前部配置鸭翼对进一步提高和改善其纵向气动性能的可     

弱粘弹性材料结构振动系统的模态特点

 本文把弱粘弹性材料结构分为单模量和多模量情形,展开对其模态性能的讨论。本文指出了弱粘弹性材料结构的特征值是一组有理分式多项式方程的根,并给出了关于这些有理分式多项式方程根的一个定理。根据这一定理和弱粘弹性材料的动态性能特点,阐明了弱粘弹性材料结构的模态特点。     

应用S2流面准三元计算程序分析小型发动机的跨音压气机气动特性

应用Ｓ２流面准三元计算程序，对两台典型小型发动机压气机（Ｉ型机、Ⅱ型机）的气动性能进行了分析。更加真实地揭示了它们内部的流动情况，并分析了它们的改进思想和方法。其中Ｉ型机是应用“平均设计”思想设计的早期跨音压气机，Ⅱ型机是其成功的改型机。     

柔性飘带的空气动力滚转阻尼特性

本文在试验分析的基础上,建立了子弹的柔性飘带空气阻尼特性的数学模型,并导出了相应的空气阻尼力矩系数的计算公式。算例表明,计算结果与试验值符合较好。     

钝体近尾流区的流动特性

本文介绍了对钝体近尾流的时间平均流动特性进行试验研究的结果。试验中分别以圆柱体和三棱柱体为模型,考虑了几何形状和雷诺数对流动结构的影响。试验结果表明,对于高雷诺数情况,在“死水区”内,存在着与低雷诺数情况下类似的时间平均流动特性。最后,对尾流中涡街形成的机理进行了初步讨论。     

剪切波速评价饱和砂土抗液化性能研究

从三方面总结了用剪切波速评价饱和砂土抗液化性能的研究进展：基于现场震害调查的研究成果具有重要参考价值，但不便于开展系统研究；室内土样剪切波速的测试手段出现了弯曲单元和扭剪法两种新技术，与弯曲单元相比较，扭剪法更加可靠；剪切波速与抗液化强度相关性已通过大量的研究得到证实。指出要实现用剪切波速评价原位土层的抗液化性能需要解决：抗液化强度对于剪切波速的敏感性，如何进行地震等效，如何将原位与室内剪切波速建立联系以及如何选取区分不同土类的指标等4个问题。     

具有任意边界的弹性力学梁固有特性的解法

 给出了可以用于求解具有任意边界条件的弹性力学梁的固有振动特性的双向展开方法和半解析方法。这两种方法均把梁看成为平面应力问题,不对纵向位移和横向位移作任何假设,涉及到的结构刚度和质量矩阵的元素均为显式。以简支梁固有特性求解问题为例,通过对本文结果和解析解进行比较,说明了给出的半解析方法和双向展开方法的精度和效率。