一种自适应各向异性的SAR图像去噪算法

为了在抑制噪声时尽可能保留图像边缘信息,提出一种自适应各向异性SAR图像去噪算法。该方法设计一组具有不同尺度和方向的滤波器模板,针对不同图像边缘的局部特征计算出滤波器的尺度和方向,选择最优匹配的各向异性滤波器,从而可以在抑制噪声的同时很好地保留边缘。仿真实验表明,提出的自适应各向异性SAR图像去噪算法具有很强的噪声抑制和边缘保持能力,并且具有较高的实效性。     

以恒星位置为基准的运动平台上测控雷达精度标校技术

利用FK5星表，可以精确实时地计算出恒星位置，用作陆基雷达标校的基准。本文把这种技术推广到运动平台上雷达的精度标校，提出了技术方案和初步的数学模型，给出了试验的解算结果和统计结果。     

捷变频雷达导引头射频环境仿真及其关键技术

介绍了捷变频雷达导引头的信号特征和对捷变频雷达射频环境仿真的基本方法。着重讨论了瞬时测频仿真方案和射频延迟线仿真方案的工程实现和关键技术 ,指出改进频率校准方法提高频率引导精度是瞬时测频仿真方案的关键技术 ;发展低损耗、宽频带、延迟时间连续可调的高性能射频延迟线是射频延迟线仿真方案的关键技术。对两种仿真方案的特点进行了比较。     

Identification of a debris cloud from the nuclear powered SNAPSHOT satellite with haystack radar measurements

Data from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory Long Range Imaging Radar (known as the Haystack radar) have been used in the past to examine families of objects from individual satellite breakups or families of orbiting objects that can be isolated in altitude and inclination. This is possible because, for some time after a breakup, the debris cloud of particles can remain grouped together in similar orbit planes. This cloud will be visible to the radar, in fixed staring mode, for a short time twice each day, as the orbit plane moves through the field of view. There should be a unique three-dimensional pattern in observation time, range, and range rate which can identify the cloud. Eventually, through slightly differing precession rates of the right ascension of ascending node of the debris cloud, the observation time becomes distributed so that event identification becomes much more difficult.     

A new narrow beam Doppler radar at 3 MHz for studies of the high-latitude middle atmosphere

A Doppler radar at 3.17 MHz has been installed at Saura close to the Andøya Rocket Range as part of the ALOMAR observatory at Andenes, Norway in summer 2002 to improve the ground based capabilities for measurements of small scale features and turbulence in the mesosphere. The main feature of the new Saura MF radar is the transmitting/receiving antenna which is arranged as a Mills Cross of 29 crossed half-wave dipoles with a minimum beam width of about 7°. Each dipole is fed by its own transceiver, and the individual phase control of the 58 transceiver modules on transmission and reception provides high flexibility in beam forming and pointing as well as transmission switching between ordinary and extraordinary mode circular polarisation. In addition, beams with different widths at the same pointing angle can be formed. For multiple receiver applications (spaced antenna wind measurements, all-sky meteor detections) four independent receiving channels are available.     

Transponder calibration of the Envisat RA-2 altimeter Ku band sigma naught

Although the history of spaceborne altimeters goes back to the early seventies, the absolute calibration of the backscattering coefficient has never been deeply investigated. This information has been primarily used to infer the wind speed via an empirical model, and the intercalibration among different satellite altimeters has revealed to be suitable for this purpose, being the wind retrieval based on an empirical relationship. As far as Ku band system is concerned, the sigma naught absolute calibration of the Envisat altimeter (RA-2) has been performed using an active reference target provided by a transponder. This has been exploited during the 6-month Commissioning phase to generate early calibration results. In order to monitor the RA-2 backscatter calibration during the Envisat lifetime, a continuous calibration effort has been carried out by operating the transponder as much as possible. This paper aims to review the entire effort for calibrating the RA-2 sigma naught measurements, which lasted for almost seven years. It presents in detail the adopted methodology and the final outcome of the activity, providing the users with the correction (bias) to get the calibrated sigma naught and analyzing its stability during almost the entire Envisat lifetime. Specifically, it is concluded that the RA-2 backscatter measurements were quite stable, even if a bias of about 1 dB should be considered with respect to the actually released product. Some small changes in the bias as function of time can be identified during most of the Envisat lifetime, consisting in a slight increase in the first two years, followed by a more stable period and a final drop observed at the end of 2009, until the conclusion of the calibration activity (corresponding to the change in Envisat orbit).     

基于嵌入式仿真的雷达训练系统设计

介绍了嵌入式仿真技术及其发展,将嵌入式仿真与雷达模拟训练相结合,构成了能够嵌入到机械扫描雷达实装的模拟训练系统。描述了对嵌入式仿真训练系统的结构组成以及部分模块的功能,研究了模拟雷达视频回波数据的方法和模型,包括目标回波、地物杂波、海杂波、气象杂波、有源干扰和接收机内部噪声,利用数学模型计算回波的强度、方位、距离等特性,调制实际录取的回波数据,生成与态势设置参数相应的模拟回波数据,能够对信号处理操作和抗干扰操作做出响应。通过对视频回波进行仿真,由终端显示画面可知模拟的回波数据具有较高的逼真度,经测试模拟视频回波能够被雷达显控终端识别。     

基于梳状谱发生器的毫米波相参脉压模拟器

研制了一种基于梳状谱发生器的全相参脉冲压缩毫米波雷达目标射频回波模拟器。通过与被测雷达共用基准频率参考信号,结合梳状谱发生器及DDS,保证了输出信号和雷达发射信号的相参性和快速频率跳变,实现较好的相位噪声性能和杂散抑制。该系统输出为Ka波段,带宽2GHz,步进100kHz,相位噪声小于一80dBc@1kHz,跳频时间小于2μs。     

振幅相位误差对雷达性能的影响

从工程应用角度出发,分析了振幅误差和相位误差对雷达性能的影响。为了简化起见,只考虑地杂波和单频干扰,且不考虑接收机的热噪声,文中讨论了单脉冲测角精度,时间域中滤波器抑制杂波的能力和空间域中滤波器抑制有源干扰的能力等6个有关雷达设计中的具体问题,结论简明,并给出了曲线提供参考。     

三维机身机翼一体化雷达截面的复射线分析

本文把入射平面波用三维复射线展开，利用复射线近轴近似原理，计算并叠加每个复波束经三维机身机翼一体化的多次反射后而产生的远场散射贡献，从而可以方便地求得目标的雷达截面（ＲＣＳ）。本文还对计算实例作了实验验证。