民用飞机25.831d排烟适航条款和咨询通告研究

民用飞机的排烟能力直接影响到座舱出现烟雾情况下的飞行安全,对CCAR 25.831(d)条款和对应的咨询通告25-9A进行研究,为民用飞机座舱排烟的设计和适航验证提供支持。     

Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.     

铝合金小直径薄壁管的全位置焊工艺研究

采用ＭＫ－２００全位置焊管机焊接小直径薄壁铝合金导管,必须解决好焊缝的表面成形和内部气孔问题。分析了气孔产生的原因,并提出了抑制气孔的措施。大量试验表明,采用加填充环和背保护气加压的方法可改善焊缝成形;通过严格的焊前清理、合理的参数设置等抑制气孔的工艺措施可获得理想的气孔合格率。     

The dark matter halo structure of “fossil” groups candidates

We investigated properties of four isolated giant elliptical galaxies with extended X-ray halo using ASCA data. The derived size of X-ray halo, X-ray luminosity, and gravitational mass of the dark halo are unusually large those of X-ray halo of a single galaxy, but are typical for X-ray halos of groups and poor clusters of galaxies. The measured temperatures and abundances of the X-ray halo gas in these galaxies are also similar to those of the groups and poor clusters. Based on these results we identified these galaxies as “isolated X-ray overluminous elliptical galaxy” (IOLEG). The radial profiles of dark halo in these objects were derived from X-ray data. It is found that some are similar to those of compact groups while others are the same as those of normal ellipticals. The dark halos of lOLEGs are thus indistinguishable from those of groups (and poor clusters), which appears to be consistent with a widely believed idea that lOLEGs are a product of dynamical evolution of a compact group. However, mass-to-light ratios of IOLEGs (M₂₀₀/L_B  100–1000) are far greater than those of Hickson compact groups M₂₀₀/L_B  40–60). Since it is hard to consider that total optical luminosity of a compact group decreases by an order of magnitude in the course of dynamical evolution, such difference in the observed mass-to-light ratio between IOLEGs and Hickson compact groups strongly suggests that most IOLEGs have not evolved from compact groups which are observed at present.     

运输类飞机燃油系统点火源防护相关适航限制研究

燃油箱爆炸对航空安全构成持续不断的严重威胁。通过对运输类飞机燃油系统点火源防护的适航限制相关条款要求、咨询通告的分析、研究,梳理了燃油系统点火源防护相关适航限制的制定流程、考虑;并对典型机型的燃油系统点火源防护相关适航限制进行了分析。可为运输类飞机燃油系统点火源防护相关适航限制的制定提供参考。     

固体火箭发动机虚拟样机集成设计环境

为支持固体火箭发动机基于虚拟样机的设计技术,提出了固体火箭发动机虚拟样机集成设计环境软件架构。介绍了支持固体火箭发动机虚拟样机的集成设计环境(SRM IDE),该环境集成了发动机设计常用软件和商用软件,以项目管理为中心,采用分布式体系结构,支持分布在异地的设计人员协同构建发动机虚拟原型和协同仿真,以及发动机设计过程中文档、数据、流程、产品结构及资源等的管理。     

民用飞机飞行操纵系统对CCAR25.671(d)条款符合性的适航验证方法分析

CCAR25.671(d)规定飞机的设计必须使其在所有发动机都失效时仍可操纵.针对中国民用航空总局颁发的运输类飞机适航标准(CCAR25部)的上述要求,某民用飞机对其飞行操纵系统提出了采用试飞(MOC6)和工程模拟器(MOC8)试验验证的方法.首先阐述了美国FAA航空规章制定咨询委员会(ARAC)对CCAR25.671...