火箭发动机激励检测铁路桥墩的研究

论述了把火箭发动机作为激励源对铁路桥梁桥墩施加动载荷以检测和评估桥梁桥墩质量的研究情况，给出了有关的实验和测量结果。     

颈动脉内血流动力学特征受向前加速度影响的数值模拟

人们在日常或某些特殊条件下常会面临方向和大小发生迅速变化的加速度环境,已有研究发现加速度环境会影响心血管系统生理、病理特征。利用计算机模拟方法详细研究了向前加速度环境下人体颈动脉内的血流动力学参数变化规律。结果表明:加速度会对颈动脉内压力、压力梯度、壁面剪切应力等与血管生理、病理现象密切相关的血流动力学参数产生显著影响。研究结果为加速度环境下颈动脉生理、病理研究提供了一定的理论依据,也为航空航天领域加速度环境下人员防护提供参考。      

大功率无电极高密度等离子体电磁推进概述

无电极高密度等离子体电磁推进技术已成为未来深空探测、载人航天和货运、太阳能电站以及航天器在轨服务与维护等空间任务中极具竞争力的核心推进技术之一。在梳理不同无电极等离子体电磁加速机制基础上,开展大功率无电极高密度等离子体电磁推进技术性能对比,给出新概念无电极场反构型电磁推进技术向未来超大功率拓展的优势和发展潜力,同步分析了该技术亟需解决的关键基础问题,旨在为中国新概念场反构型电磁推进技术的研发提供理论基础。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on surface quality for two-point incremental sheet forming with interpolator

The unsatisfied surface quality seriously impedes the wide application of incremental sheet forming (ISF) in industrial field. As a novel approach, the interpolator method is a promising strategy to enhance the surface quality in ISF. However, the mechanism for the improvement of surface quality and the influence of interpolator properties on surface roughness are not well understood. In this paper, the influences of process variables (i.e. tool diameter, step size and thickness of interpolators) on the forming process (e.g. surface roughness, forming force and geometric error) are investigated through a systematic experimental approach of central composite design (CCD) in two-point incremental sheet forming (TPIF). It is obtained that the increase in thickness of interpolators decreases the surface roughness in direction vertical to the tool path while increases the surface roughness in direction horizontal to the tool path. Nevertheless, the combined influence between thickness of interpolators and process parameters (tool diameter and step size) is limited. Meanwhile, the placement of interpolator has little influence on the effective forming force of blank. In addition, the geometric error enlarges with the increase of step size and thickness of interpolator while decreases firstly and then increase with an increase in tool diameter. Finally, the influencing mechanism of the interpolator method on surface quality can be attributed to the decrease of the contact pressure due to the increase of contact area with the unchanged contact force. Meanwhile, the interpolator method eliminates the sliding friction on the surface of blank due to the stable relative position between the blank and the interpolator.     

电动式磁悬浮动量球电磁场耦合分析

本文针对电动式磁悬浮动量球(Electrodynamic suspension reaction sphere, EDSRS)的电磁场耦合进行分析，采用定子绕组的感应电动势评判耦合强度，提出了耦合强度评判指标，作为EDSRS的结构设计约束，以降低电磁场耦合的影响。首先，结合EDSRS的具体结构特点，对多定子之间的电磁场耦合问题进行分析，采用定子电磁场在另一个定子绕组中产生的感应电动势评判耦合强度。然后，对感应电动势产生规律进行分析，提出了耦合强度评判指标，并基于所提评判指标，建立了耦合约束验证流程，作为EDSRS的结构设计约束，最后，通过有限元仿真和实验验证了上述电磁场耦合分析。     

Atmospheric pressure variations at extratropical latitudes associated with Forbush decreases of galactic cosmic rays

Changes of troposphere pressure associated with short-time variations of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) taking place in the Northern hemisphere’s cold months (October–March) were analyzed for the period 1980–2006, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data being used. Noticeable pressure variations during Forbush decreases of GCRs were revealed at extratropical latitudes of both hemispheres. The maxima of pressure increase were observed on the 3rd–4th days after the event onsets over Northern Europe and the European part of Russia in the Northern hemisphere, as well as on the 4th–5th days over the eastern part of the South Atlantic opposite Queen Maud Land and over the d’Urville Sea in the Southern Ocean. According to the weather chart analysis, the observed pressure growth, as a rule, results from the weakening of cyclones and intensification of anticyclone development in these areas. The presented results suggest that cosmic ray variations may influence the evolution of extratropical baric systems and play an important role in solar-terrestrial relationships.     

实用化光力加速度计中单微球重复起支技术

针对光力加速度计的小型化应用,设计并制作了一种基于V型槽的片上光纤光阱,并采用机械振动方法实现了单微球重复起支。理论研究了利用机械振动方法实现微球起支、捕获的动力学过程。结果表明,只有当微球脱离捕获室底面的初始速度满足一定范围时才能稳定捕获,该初始速度范围与捕获室的几何参数有关。提出了利用两光纤中相向传播光的耦合功率监测微球捕获状态的方法,并通过实验完成了微球起支过程的自动控制,实现了单微球的重复起支与捕获。该片上光纤光阱制备方法和单微球重复起支技术可推动光力加速度计的实用化进程。     

高超声速风洞流场非均匀性对气动力试验影响研究

高超声速风洞流场品质是气动力试验主要误差的决定因素,常规高超声速风洞流场均匀性虽然满足国军标GJB4399-2002《高超声速风洞气动力试验方法》对风洞流场品质的要求,但其风洞流场严格意义上说是“非均匀”的,这种流场非均匀性会对模型气动力特性存在不同程度的影响。为此,在CARDC常规高超声速风洞中开展了某升力体模型和某通气模型“多位置试验”,验证了风洞流场的非均匀性对飞行器气动力(特别是力矩特性)试验结果有显著影响,这种影响量已远超过常规的风洞重复性试验误差,甚至大于国内现有的在AIAA-S071A-1999标准上建立的不确定度评估方法所获取的“不确定度”。     

Al2O3—Ti系梯度功能材料的优化设计

对Ａｌ３Ｏ３－Ｔｉ系梯度功能材料在制备过程中产生的残余热应力进行了弹性有限元法分析。讨论了梯度层数目,梯度层厚度和成分梯度指数对应力大小和分布的影响,优化出了各项最佳参数。非线度功能材料与优化后的梯度功能材料的残余热应力对比结果显示;梯度功能材料缓和热应力的效果十分显著。     

航空结构件铣削变形及其控制研究进展

随着机床加工性能和刀具切削性能的提升,航空结构件的高效高精加工成为可能.航空结构件薄壁加工特征多,在铣削过程中易发生变形,因此预测与控制航空结构件的加工变形是切削加工领域内亟待解决的难题.通过总结了航空结构件的特点及加工难点,对加工变形形成机理进行深入分析;对加工变形影响最为关键的铣削力模型进行归纳;阐述了航空结构件残...