临近空间非弹道式目标HTV-2跟踪滤波与预报问题

近年来各国均开始重视临近空间高超声速飞行器的发展,其中以X-51A和HTV-2高超声速飞行器飞行试验相继成功为代表。本文概述了目前高超声速飞行器跟踪滤波与预报领域存在的难点问题,然后对坐标系进行了定义,并设计了HTV-2(Hypersonic Technology Vehicle-2)质心运动方程及跟踪滤波器,介绍了HTV-2弹道预估原理,最后使用卡尔曼滤波方法进行了仿真计算,并对相关参数的选取进行了分析。仿真结果得出使用卡尔曼滤波算法跟踪滤波效果较好,对工程应用有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于冷态数值模拟的航空发动机燃烧室贫油熄火预测

在经典均匀搅拌反应器理论(Perfect Stirred Reactor)的基础上,对Lefebvre贫熄模型中的燃烧体积和燃烧空气量进行改进,建立起燃烧室冷态流场与热态贫熄性能的对应关系,进而达到从冷态流场预测热态贫熄性能的目的。采用商业软件Fluent对燃烧室的冷态速度场和燃料浓度场进行数值模拟,通过燃料的可燃边界定义出理论的可燃区体积(Vf)和进入可燃区的回流空气量(mr)两项关键参数组成燃烧负荷参数Vf.mr,并通过油量迭代逼近(Fuel Iterative Approximation)的方法达到对燃烧室贫熄边界的预测。通过与实验结果的对比表明:燃烧室的冷态流场与其热态贫熄性能是相互关联的,燃烧负荷参数与熄火油气比近似成线性关系;采用油量迭代逼近的方法对燃烧室的贫熄边界进行预测,预测精度控制在±8.4%。     

飞行管理系统中飞行计划模块的功能设计与仿真实现

飞行计划模块包括飞行计划管理、航迹优化计算、飞行中实时执行等子功能模块。首先研究了飞行计划的人工创建、自动创建、状态管理等功能模块的实现方式;然后研究了水平航迹(水平计划)合成、三维航迹(垂直轨迹)优化和四维航迹生成模块的实现方式;对于飞行计划的实时执行功能模块,研究了由于危险天气、空管限制、飞机构形等因素限制而进行计划偏离、直飞、等待、激活备用计划、航路备降、盘旋等待等功能模块的实现方式;最后以波音737-800飞机的相关数据为例进行了仿真计算,研究结果可为飞行管理系统的研究提供参考。     

基于非线性Wiener过程航空发动机性能退化预测

针对线性随机过程航空发动机剩余使用寿命预测精度不高的问题,提出一种漂移系数为指数形式的非线性Wiener过程发动机性能退化建模,进而预测航空发动机的剩余寿命。基于直接监测发动机性能退化数据,构建发动机性能退化模型,根据Wiener过程首达阈值时间的数学性质,推导出剩余寿命的概率分布。通过极大似然估计构建退化模型中未知参数的似然函数,利用遗传算法得到发动机总体模型参数的离线估计值。考虑到不同发动机个体间的差异性,采用贝叶斯公式,结合发动机的实时监测数据与总体模型参数的先验分布对模型中随机参数进行实时更新,从而对个体发动机的剩余寿命实时预测。最后,选择商用航空发动机仿真数据集(C-MAPSS)进行实验,结果表明：针对个体发动机基于非线性随机过程方法,实时更新非线性Wiener方法能够提高航空发动机循环中期剩余寿命预测的准确性,提供更加可靠的预防性维修决策。     

推进剂燃速预估

作者对小粒子组合模型(PEM)中的某些公式及参数进行了修改.在此基础上,计算了35组含铝丁羟推进剂的燃速,考察了氧化剂级配及催化剂等对推进剂燃速的影响.燃速计算值与实测值符合程度高,即90%的计算燃速值与实测值的相对误差在±10%之内.     

固体火箭发动机内弹道性能预示的一种方法

介绍一种在固体火箭发动机药型及其尺寸一定的条件下,利用发动机静止点火试验结果预示其内弹道性能的方法。利用这一方法,可以计算在概率条件下发动机的内弹道参数及总体参数的散布。     

Hybrid method based on flame volume concept for lean blowout limits prediction of aero engine combustors

The Lean Blowout (LBO) limit is crucial for the aircraft engines. The semi-empirical (such as Lefebvre’s LBO model and Flame Volume (FV) model), numerical and hybrid methods are widely utilized for the LBO limit quick prediction. An innovative hybrid method based on the FV concept is proposed. This method can be classified as a semi-empirical/physical based hybrid prediction method. In this hybrid method, it is assumed that the flame volume varies nearly linearly with the fuel/air ratio near the LBO. The flame volume is obtained directly by the numerical simulation using the threshold value of the visible flame boundary as 900 K. Then the final LBO limits is determined by the FV model. On the premise of keeping the good generality of prediction, the hybrid method based on the FV concept can further improve the prediction accuracy. The comparison with the prediction of the existing available methods on fifteen combustors shows that the hybrid method based on the FV concept achieves better prediction accuracy. The prediction uncertainties between the experimental results and the predicted values by the hybrid method based on the FV concept are within about ±10%.     

第22太阳周地磁活动峰值和时间的预计

本文讨论了从第13—22太阳周太阳和地磁周的特征.运用自激励门限自回归时间序列模型和最大熵谱原理自回归数学方法来模拟和预报地磁aa指数年均值峰值和时间.峰值时间是1993年秋天或1994年春天.地磁aa指数年均值峰值是26—29.第22地磁周是一个中等活动的周.     

Three-dimensional temperature prediction in cylindrical turning with large-chamfer insert based on a modified slip-line field approach

Chamfered inserts have found broader applications in metal cutting process especially in high-performance machining of hard-to-cut materials for their excellent edge resistance and cutting toughness. However, excessive heat generation and resulting high cutting temperature eventually cause severe tool wear and poor surface integrity, which simultaneously limits the optimal selection of machining parameters. In the present study, an analytical thermal–mechanical model is proposed for the prediction of the three-dimensional (3-D) temperature field in cylindrical turning with chamfered round insert based on a modified slip-line field approach. First, an innovative discretization method is introduced in a general 3-D coordinate system to provide a comprehensive demonstration of the irregular cutting geometry and heat generation zones. Then, a plasticity-theory-based slip-line field model is developed and employed to determine the intensities and geometries of every elementary heat sources in Primary Deformation Zones (PDZ), Secondary Deformation Zones (SDZ) and Dead Metal Zones (DMZ). At last, a 3-D analytical model is suggested to calculate the temperature increases caused by the entire heat sources and associated images. The maximum cutting temperature region predicted is found existing upon the chip-tool contact area rather than the tool edge. Moreover, the rationalities of cutting parameters employed are analyzed along with theoretical material removal rates and ensuing maximum cutting temperatures. The results indicate that the cutting conditions with large depth of cut and high cutting speed are more desirable than those with high feed rates. The proposed models are respectively verified through a series of 3-D Finite Element (FE) simulations and dry cutting experiments of Inconel 718 with chamfered round insert. Satisfactory agreement has been reached between the predictions and simulations as well as the measurements, which confirms the correctness and effectiveness of the presented analytical model.     

利用锥形内孔装药发动机和燃速辨识方法确定推进剂的基本燃速

通过锥形内初装药发动机试验的压力-时间曲线,利用燃速辨识方法获得了高低两个压强范围装药的基本燃速表达式,比较了考虑c~*、k随燃烧室压强P变化和不考虑其变化所得的基本燃速表达式及其对内弹道予示的影响.结果证明,用本方法获得的燃速比燃速仪获得的燃速高5～8%,预示的内弹道曲线也与发动机实测曲线基本吻合.