新型复合式无人直升机悬停/着陆控制

旋翼-涵道复合式无人直升机是一种具有特殊机体结构的新型无人直升机,悬停和着陆控制是该类无人直升机飞行控制设计的一大难点。依据复合式无人直升机运动机理建立了非线性动力学模型,在悬停配平状态下进行小扰动线化和降阶处理,给出了用于控制律设计和仿真的线性模型。运用期望隐模型和特征结构配置方法设计了姿态角速度与垂向速度控制内回路,内回路输出角速度积分得到的姿态角反馈和线速度反馈构成纵横向线速度控制外回路。悬停/着陆仿真验证了内回路能实现良好的角速度指令跟踪解耦控制,外回路能实现良好的悬停位置保持和着陆轨迹跟踪控制。     

飞船舱-伞系统稳降阶段动力学模型的建立

建立一种思路清晰、求解方便易行的降落伞返回舱系统的动力学模型是研究降落伞-返回舱系统动力学特性的基础。文章从一般刚体动力学方程入手,结合刚体的运动学方程,建立了稳降及着陆阶段舱-伞系统的动力学模型,并与空投试验的一些测试曲线进行对比,证明了本模型的正确性和有效性。     

Single crater-aided inertial navigation for autonomous asteroid landing

In this paper, a novel crater-aided inertial navigation approach for autonomous asteroid landing mission is developed. It overcomes the major deficiencies of existing approaches in the literature, which mainly focuses on the case where craters are abundant in the camera field of view. As a result, traditional crater based methods require at least three craters to achieve crater matching, which limits their application in final landing phase where craters are scarce in the camera’s field of view. In contrast, the proposed algorithm enables single crater based crater matching based on a novel 2D-3D crater re-projection model. The re-projection model adopts inertial measurements as a reference, and re-projects the 3D crater model onto descent images to achieve the matching to its counterpart. An asteroid landing simulation toolbox is developed to validate the performance of the proposed approach. Through comparison with the state-of-the-art local image feature and crater based navigation algorithms, the proposed approach is validated to achieve a competitive performance in terms of feature matching and pose estimation accuracy with a much lighter computational cost.     

机场不平度对小车式起落架前后机轮载荷分配影响

国内外对飞机地面载荷的研究主要是针对每个起落架的总载荷,鲜见对起落架各机轮载荷分配研究的文献,而工程上又迫切需要相关的针对飞机起落架机轮载荷分配的计算分析方法。在中国发展大飞机项目的背景下,以小车式起落架为例,探讨了机场跑道不平度对小车式起落架前后轮载荷分配的影响,提出了小车式起落架机轮载荷分配的分析思路,并通过计算波音707飞机的起落架机轮载荷分配比例证明了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

舰尾流对舰载机着舰轨迹和动态响应的影响研究

建立了飞机着舰下滑穿越舰尾流的六自由度飞行动力学模型.引入舰尾流数学模型,对下滑着舰过程进行了动态仿真.结果表明,舰尾流的周期性分量、稳态分量和随机大气紊流分量是飞机迎角和姿态变化的主要因素,最终导致实际着舰点偏离理想着舰点.     

舰载机拦阻着舰纵向载荷的简化算法

对于舰载机拦阻着舰纵向载荷问题,提出了一种简便的计算方法.应用这种方法对拦阻装置阻尼参数进行确定,对拦阻载荷与飞机着舰速度、航母速度、飞机质量的关系等进行了计算分析.计算方法简单实用,对于不同条件下舰载机拦阻着舰的纵向载荷分析具有参考价值.     

Second post-Newtonian approximation of scalar-tensor theory of gravity

Deep space laser ranging missions like ASTROD I (Single-Spacecraft Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical Devices) and ASTROD, together with astrometry missions like GAIA and LATOR will be able to test relativistic gravity to an unprecedented level of accuracy. More precisely, these missions will enable us to test relativistic gravity to 10^-7–10^-9${10}^{-7}''–''{10}^{-9}$ of the size of relativistic (post-Newtonian) effects, and will require second post-Newtonian approximation of relevant theories of gravity. The first post-Newtonian approximation is valid to 10^-6${10}^{-6}$ and the second post-Newtonian approximation is valid to 10^-12${10}^{-12}$ in terms of post-Newtonian effects in the solar system. The scalar-tensor theory is widely discussed and used in tests of relativistic gravity, especially after the interests in inflation models and in dark energy models. In the Lagrangian, intermediate-range gravity term has a similar form as cosmological term. Here we present the full second post-Newtonian approximation of the scalar-tensor theory including viable examples of intermediate-range gravity. We use Chandrasekhar’s approach to derive the metric coefficients and the equation of the hydrodynamics governing a perfect fluid in the second post-Newtonian approximation in scalar-tensor theory; all terms inclusive of O(c^-4)$\mathrm{O}(c^{-4})$ are retained consistently in the equations of motion.     

舰载机着舰甲板运动误差及其补偿仿真研究

论述了舰载机着舰过程中的甲板运动扰动,分析了其对飞机着舰的影响,据此对舰载机着舰引导系统进行甲板运动补偿网络设计,并进行仿真,仿真结果表明,补偿网络明显的减小了飞机着舰的纵向误差,通过随即给的航母甲板运动初始相位进行仿真,说明补偿网络具有良好的适应性。     

行星表面陨石坑检测与匹配方法

 针对深空探测器光学导航技术的需要,提出了行星表面陨石坑导航路标的提取与匹配方法。陨石坑是行星表面最显著的地形特征,在光照条件下,陨石坑具有清晰的几何轮廓。结合光照方向,通过陨石坑边缘的检测、边缘配对以及形状参数拟合等处理实现陨石坑的提取。对检测出的陨石坑,基于平面二次曲线的几何不变特性,采用投票策略实现与陨石坑数据库的匹配,并设计陨石坑误匹配及失配的校正策略,从而有效地确定陨石坑在目标天体表面的全局位置。最后通过嫦娥一号获得的目表图像验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于遗传算法的起落架缓冲器变截面油针优化设计研究

提高飞机起落架着陆性能,需要探索设计缓冲器油针形状的有效方法。利用平面多体动力学建立起落架数学模型,并利用NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法,以油针轴向不同位置的截面直径为设计变量,以起落架过载系数和缓冲效率为目标函数,进行起落架着陆性能双目标优化设计。结果表明:本文的方法有效提高了缓冲效率并降低了过载系数,改善了轮胎载荷环境同时提升了起落架着陆性能;该方法同样适用于特定缓冲器高性能油针的设计。