一次进水角度对水冲压发动机比冲性能影响研究

为了研究一次进水角度对二次进水水冲压发动机比冲性能的影响规律,建立了发动机补燃室两相流反应模型,对镁基水冲压发动机补燃室流场进行了数值模拟,获得了发动机喷管出口温度、出口压力、出口气流速度及发动机比冲随一次进水角度的增大先升高后降低的变化趋势,在此基础上进行了水冲压发动机地面直连式试验研究.结果表明,一次进水角度在40°左右时,二次进水水冲压发动机比冲性能较优.     

GRACE重力卫星揭示的水储量季节性变化

利用覆盖时间段为2004年1月至2009年10月共70个月的美国NASA和德国DLR联合研制的“重力场恢复与气候实验”卫星（GRACE）时变重力场数据,估计了非洲、中国以及亚马逊流域水储量的季节性变化。结果表明：非洲北部、南部、中国南部、亚马逊流域水储量变化的季节性幅度分别为10．5cm±2．1cm、16．2cm±2．9cm、8．3cm±1．5cm、30．5cm±5．6cm。研究证实了GRACE重力卫星在监测水质量变化,乃至于一个相对较小的区域的水质量变化方面的潜能。文章的结果有助于水资源管理以及预防和缓解灾害性事件等工作的决策;此外,改进的以监测地表质量变化、全球性气候改变、灾害性事件等为目标的GRACE类型的探测计划,将促进对水文学、海洋动力学以及地球物理学等的理解。     

基于QST-600通用气瓶试验台的水压试验方法研究

介绍QST-600通用气瓶试验台的优点、结构、技术指标以及水压试验操作的具体步骤和注意事项,为气瓶的水压试验提供一定的技术保障。     

水剂清洗在大批量生产中的应用

介绍可替代汽油、煤油清洗金属零组件的水剂清洗剂在大批量生产中的应用。     

影响碳化硅基复合材料机械性能的工艺因素

介绍了纤维及预制体成型、高温处理、界面技术、基体致密化及后处理等工艺因素对碳化硅基复合材料机械性能的影响。基体密化工艺是影响复膈材料性能最为主要的因素,化学气相渗透工艺制备的碳化硅基复合材料的强度和韧性明显高于其它工艺制备的复合材料,预制体高温处理可提高纤维在基体复合材料及使用过程中的高温稳定性,减少纤维／基体界面的热应力,但高温处理会引起纤维强度大幅度下降,在高温处理前先进行中间相涂层处理,不仅     

GRACE products and land surface models for estimating the changes in key water storage components in the Nile River Basin

The Nile River Basin (NRB) is facing extreme demand for its water resources due to an alarming increase in population and the changing climate. The NRB is not compatible with ground-based in-situ observations owing to its large basin area size and limited hydrological data access from basin countries. Thus, it lends itself to remotely sensed approaches with high spatial resolution and extended temporal coverage. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) avails a unique opportunity to investigate the changes in key components of terrestrial water storage (TWS). GRACE TWS solutions have specific tuning parameters and processing strategies that result in regionally specific variations and error patterns. We explored the TWS time series spatiotemporal changes, trends, uncertainties, and signal-to-noise ratio among different GRACE TWS data. We had also investigated the key terrestrial water storage components such as surface water, soil moisture, and groundwater storage changes. The results show that GRACE spherical harmonic solutions' uncertainty is higher than the mass concentration (mascon) over the NRB, and the Center for Space Research-mascons had the best performance. The evapotranspiration correlation (R² = 0.85) has the highest correlation with GRACE’s TWS, whereas the normalized difference vegetation index (R² = 0.82) has the second highest correlation. Notably, significant long-term (2003–2017) negative groundwater and soil moisture trends demonstrate a potential depletion of the NRB. Despite an increase in precipitation and the TWS time series, the rate of decline increased rapidly after 2008, thereby indicating the possibility of human-induced change (e.g. for irrigation purposes). Therefore, the results of this study provide a guide for future studies related to hydro-climatic change over the NRB and similar basins.     

Analysis of precipitable water vapour characteristics from GNSS measurements during the snow season in Liaoning Province,China

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) remote sensing precipitable water vapour (PWV) data from November 2015 to March 2019 were combined with snowfall observation data and used to analyse PWV characteristics in Liaoning Province during the snow season (from November to March the following year) and their relationship with snowfall. The potential of using GNSS for PWV measurements was demonstrated using sounding data with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.9 and a mean bias error lower than 0.5 mm. According to the GNSS PWV data gathered at 30-min intervals from 68 GNSS stations in Liaoning during the snow season, the monthly PWV average was highest in November and lowest in January. Negative correlations were found between PWV and altitude. Most of the water vapour was concentrated in the low layer of the atmosphere, and the contribution of this vapour to the PWV was higher during the snow season than in summer. A total of 43 snow cases were identified using the snowfall records from 53 GNSS stations, and the characteristics of PWV during these snowfalls were analysed. An increase in PWV was observed before snowfall events. Moreover, the influence of synoptic systems and air mass origins on PWV was analysed based on National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data and the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. The results show that the water vapour condition was better when the synoptic systems or air masses came from areas south of Liaoning.     

水汽对折光修正精度的影响分析

针对当前部分折光修正的工程应用常常忽略水汽影响的现状,选取了国内4个不同地域的气象站点,基于1995年的数百组历史气象探空数据,利用射线描迹法分别仿真计算包含水汽和忽略水汽2种情况下由于大气折射引起的测距误差和测角误差,并对这4个站点不同仰角和不同时间的测距偏差和测角偏差进行统计分析,结果表明：水汽是构成测量残差的一个重要误差源,对于精度要求较高的折光修正系统,水汽的影响不能忽略.该分析结果可为其他需要考虑大气折射效应影响的高精度光学测量工程领域提供参考.     

跑道拼接工程对道面的影响

以虹桥国际机场飞行区扩建工程为依托,通过对拼接区域进行跑道表面沉降及周边土体竖向位移、水平位移、孔隙水压力和地下水位等项目的监测．对新建联络道与既有跑道的拼接工程不停航施工对跑道道面性能的影响进行全面监测与分析。监测结果表明,拼接工程引起的道面沉降量较小,超过60％的测点竖向位移小于3mm;拼接工程对周边土体地下水位没有影响：拼接工程会引起周边土体产生超孔隙水压力。最大可达到正常孔隙水压力的2倍,工后1年基本消散;拼接工程会引起周边土体产生竖向和水平向位移．影响程度随深度增加而减少,影响深度不超过7m。研究表明,通过采取合适的施工方案及必要的防范措施．拼接段施工不会影响跑道的正常使用。     

金属/水反应冲压发动机理论性能计算与分析

基于水与金属燃料反应的水冲压发动机是一种新型的水下动力装置。为了研究水下冲压发动机的基本性能，在简述热力计算原理的基础上，以含铝贫氧推进剂为例对燃气发生器式水冲压发动机、以铝金属燃料为例对漩流式水冲压发动机进行了不同工作状态下的热力计算，得出了发动机比冲与水燃比、工作压强等之间的定性关系。