基于流固耦合的斜激波冲击作用下曲壁板气动弹性分析

采用自主发展的双向流固耦合求解器,研究了斜激波冲击作用下曲壁板的气动弹性响应特性。曲壁板的几何非线性大变形运动方程采用有限差分法求解,流体控制方程基于有限体积法求解,双向流固耦合采用交错迭代算法。计算结果表明:当动压小于临界颤振动压时,曲壁板表现出静平衡状态,且随着动压的增大,壁板变形的非对称性越明显。当动压大于临界颤振动压时,壁板振动位移先增大后减小,最终达到稳定颤振状态,且该极限环颤振并不关于初始位置正负对称的。同时,随着动压的增大,壁板颤振的正向峰谷值、负向峰谷值和振幅均逐渐增大,颤振频率则逐渐减小。壁板振动响应规律并不随着壁板弯曲高度的改变而单调递增或递减,较小的弯曲高度可以降低壁板颤振临界动压值,但是当弯曲高度进一步增大后,由于气动非线性特性增强,准周期无规则运动状态被激发了出来,临界颤振动压迅速升高。     

Numerical simulation of compression corner flows at Mach number 9

A hypersonic vehicle encounters a wide range of conditions during its complete flight regime. These flight conditions may vary from low to high Mach numbers with varying angles of attack. The near-wall viscous dissipation associated with flows at combined high Mach and Reynolds numbers leads to significant wall heat transfer rates and shear stresses. The shock wave/boundary-layer interaction results in a flow separation region, which commonly augments total pressure losses in the flow and lowers the efficiency of aerodynamic control surfaces such as fins installed on a vehicle. The standard turbulence models, when used to resolve such flows, result in incorrect separation bubble size for large separated flows. Therefore, it results in an inaccurate aerodynamic load, such as the wall pressures, skin friction distribution, and heat transfer rate. In previous studies, the application of the shock-unsteadiness correction to the standard two-equation k-ω turbulence model improved the separation bubble size leading to an accurate pressure prediction and shock definition with the assumption of constant Prandtl number. In the present work, the new shock-unsteadiness modification to the k-ω turbulence model is applied to the hypersonic compression corner flows. This new model with variable Prandtl number is based on the model parameter, which depends upon the local density ratio. The computed wall pressures, heat flux and flow field are compared to the experimental data. A parametric study is carried out by varying compression deflection angles, free stream Reynolds number and wall temperatures to compute the flow field and wall data accurately, particularly in the shock boundary layer interaction region. The new shock-unsteadiness modified k-ω model with variable Prandtl number shows an accurate prediction of initial pressure rise location, pressure distribution in the plateau region and heat flux in comparison to the standard k-ω model.     

Transient flow characteristics and performance of a solid rocket motor with a pintle valve

The pintle valve is currently the most promising technology among all thrust control methods for solid rocket motors. Pintle structure and working condition play a critical role in the successful operation of a pintle motor. Here, 2D transient simulations of a pintle motor using dynamic meshing are performed. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved with the implementation of an RNG k–ε turbulence model. In cold flow test, emphasis is placed on the effect of pintle structure, and in hot flow test, emphasis is placed on the effect of propellant pressure exponent. Validation is performed first by comparing the present results with available cold-test experimental data. This shows that the transient simulations can provide good predictions for pintle motors with a relative error of less than 2% in terms of the chamber pressure. It can be found that, when the gas supply system is different, the working principles and conditions of pintle motors are different. The feedback process in propellant combustion has a significant impact on its operation and the effect on the pintle motor performance of different pintle structures is achieved by different variations in the equivalent throat area. Finally, the pressure exponent is an important parameter in hot flow test and changes of thrust in hot flow test are not monotonic, because changes in the flow field and motor performance are asynchronous.     

不同激励形式对脉动气膜冷却特性影响的数值研究

为了探究不同激励形式对脉动气膜冷却特性的影响,在35°倾角平板射流模型中,采用非定常数值模拟方法进行相关研究。挑选常用的方波和正弦波作为冷气激励,无量纲激励频率斯特劳哈尔数St=0.019,0.047,0.093,0.263,0.441,重点对冷气附着和高温主流入侵现象进行了对比研究。结果表明:正弦激励下的冷气对壁面有更强的附着和更高的冷却效率;方波激励下的冷气穿透能力较强但对壁面附着相对较弱。此外,方波激励下存在主流入侵,会烧蚀气膜孔及局部壁面;而正弦激励使得冷气连续变化,能明显抑制主流入侵。更进一步,提高脉动周期内的最低吹风比不是抑制主流入侵的最佳方式,因为主流入侵主要是因为冷气量变化过于剧烈。针对正弦激励,冷气的无量纲激励频率St0.263后也会导致主流入侵。考虑冷却效果和避免主流入侵,建议在实际应用中选用较低频连续波形作为激励。     

一种基于半符号的PSWFs调制信号PAPR抑制方法

针对椭圆球面波(Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions,PSWFs)调制信号峰均功率比(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio,PAPR)较高,易受信道非线性特性影响这一问题,文章引入半符号的思想,针对仅传输半个周期的奇对称、偶对称信号,降低并行传输信号路数,提出了一种基于半符号 PSWFs调制信号 PAPR抑制方法。该方法在发射端仅传输部分波形,用以降低调制信号 PAPR;在接收端,利用函数良好的奇偶对称性,对信号进行恢复。理论与仿真分析结果表明,所提方法在未明显降低系统误码性能的前提下,能够有效降低椭圆球面波调制信号峰均功率比。     

强激光辐照下圆柱薄壳非线性振动分析

为了研究强激光辐照下的圆柱薄壳的动力响应,运用傅立叶级数展开法导出了强激光辐照下圆柱薄壳的温度场,在此基础上进行了圆柱壳的振动分析,计算中考虑了初始热应力与热软化对其固有频率和振动模态的影响,并与无激光束作用下的情形进行了比较。计算结果表明,激光照射区域产生的材料热软化是导致圆柱薄壳固有频率下降的主要原因。     

铁路隧道缓冲结构空气动力学特性的试验研究

为了研究高速列车进入隧道时在隧道内所产生的空气动力学问题，开发了一套以压缩空气作为动力来驱动列车模型的缩尺模型试验装置。通过模型试验系统对高速列车突入带开口型入口(即缓冲结构)隧道所产生的复杂压力场进行模拟，通过分析模型试验结果中的压力及压力梯度曲线所表现的规律，对该类型入口削减隧道入口处的最大压力和最大梯度值的效果进行了研究，其削减效果依赖于其各自的特征参数。最后，通过理论推导和模型试验，得到了开口型缓冲结构的最小长度的计算公式。     

基于超声导波波束成形的缺陷反演方法研究

利用超声导波对板结构中的缺陷进行反演可以确定缺陷的位置和形状信息,针对走时成像方法在低频范围内效果不佳的问题,提出一种基于波动场的超声导波缺陷反演成像方法。根据波动方程推导出波束成形成像原理,利用Born近似下的散射场数据对成像区域像素点的值进行相干叠加,得到缺陷的位置和形状。再通过波束成形与傅里叶衍射定理在频域的映射关系,将波束成形的结果转化为衍射层析成像图像,得到了更为清晰的反演图像。针对衍射层析成像中存在伪影和噪声的问题,利用二维变分模态分解（Two-dimensional variational mode decomposition,2D-VMD）方法对图像进行降噪处理,有效去除了伪影和缺陷轮廓边缘的毛刺,进一步提高了成像分辨率。反演结果表明该方法可以较为准确地重构出铝板上减薄缺陷的位置、大小和形状,具有较高的分辨率。     

波转子增压循环发动机技术

首先介绍了波转子和波转子增压循环发动机的基本概念,然后回顾了波转子技术的发展历史,最后介绍了国外波转子增压循环发动机的研究和发展现状。     

无碰撞低β磁流管中的非线性波

对无碰撞低β磁流管中柱对称状态下等离子体非线性静电波的存在进行了研究, 其结果表明: (1)若参数满足0<|(a/M2-1)E₀|<1, 存在着非线性周期波;(2)若|(a/M2-1)E₀|=1, 存在着隆起和下凹的孤立波, 也存在着激波;(3)若|(a/M2-1)E₀|>1, 存在着周期波, 也存在着隆起的孤立波。还对波的某些特性进行了研究。