基于双谱相位算法的无人机图像定位研究

由于传统的定位方法都有不同程度的缺陷,如GPS导航或者捷联惯导,所以借助图像匹配技术实现无人机导航定位具有重要研究意义。双谱中只提取相位信息,形成基于相位谱的算法,能很好地抑制不均匀的光照度变化等。首先以对数-极坐标方式进行相位谱的采样处理,然后由相位相关算法获取尺寸和旋转校正值。校正之后,再由相位相关算法进行2幅图像之间的平移配准。仿真结果验证了该算法不仅有很高的配准精度,而且有很强的稳健性。     

利用GPS实现高轨卫星定位的抗远近效应算法

针对GPS应用于高轨卫星定位面临的远近效应问题, 提出利用正交相关的联合极大似然估计算法来对GPS信号进行二维搜索, 可以得到正确的码延时及多普勒估计. 极大似然估计算法首先利用滑行相关法对仿真信号中的强信号进行搜索, 得到强信号模型, 然后利用正交相关去掉强信号, 最终实现对弱信号的正确捕获. 本文对高轨卫星接收到的GPS信号进行了功率分析, 并建立了信号模型, 进行了算法仿真. 结果表明, 这种估计算法能够提高二维搜索性能, 有效解决远近效应问题.      

Precision analysis of troposphere sensing using GPS single-frequency signals

Various studies have been performed to investigate the accuracy of troposphere zenith wet delays (ZWDs) determined from GPS. Most of these studies use dual-frequency GPS data of large-scale networks with long baselines to determine the absolute ZWDs. For small-scale networks the estimability of the absolute ZWDs deteriorates due to high correlation between the solutions of the ZWDs and satellite-specific parameters as satellite clocks. However, as relative ZWDs (rZWDs) can always be estimated, irrespective of the size of the network, it is of interest to understand how the large-scale network rZWD-performance of dual-frequency GPS using an ionosphere-float model compares to the small-scale network rZWD-performance of single-frequency GPS using an ionosphere-weighted model. In this contribution such an analysis is performed using undifferenced and uncombined network parametrization modelling. In this context we demonstrate the ionosphere weighted constraints, which allows the determination of the rZWDs independent from signals on the second frequency. Based on an analysis of both simulated and real data, it is found that under quiet ionosphere conditions, the accuracy of the single-frequency determined rZWDs in the ionosphere-weighted network is comparable to that of the large-scale dual-frequency network without ionospheric constraints. Making use of the real data from two baselines of 15?days, it was found that the absolute differences of the rZWDs applying the two strategies are within 1?cm in over 90% and 95% of the time for ambiguity-float and -fixed cases, respectively.     

Characterization of GPS-TEC over African equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region during 2009–2016

This study characterizes total electron content (TEC) measured by Global Positioning System (GPS) over African equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region for 2009–2016 period during both quiet geomagnetic conditions (Kp?≤?1) and normal conditions (1?>?Kp?≤?4). GPS-TEC data from four equatorial/low-latitude stations, namely, Addis Ababa (ADIS: 9.04°N, 38.77°E, mag. lat: 0.2°N) [Ethiopia]; Yamoussoukro (YKRO: 6.87°N, 5.24°W, mag. lat: 2.6°S) [Ivory Coast]; Malindi (MAL2; 3.00°S, 40.19°E, mag. lat: 12.4°S) [Kenya] and Libreville (NKLG; 0.35°N, 9.67°W, mag. lat: 13.5°S) [Gabon] were used for this study. Interesting features like noontime TEC bite-out, winter anomaly during the ascending and maximum phases of solar cycle 24, diurnal and seasonal variations with solar activity have been observed and investigated in this study. The day-to-day variations exhibited ionospheric TEC asymmetry on an annual scale. TEC observed at equatorial stations (EIA-trough) and EIA-crest reach maximum values between ～1300–1600 LT and ～1300–1600 LT, respectively. About 76% of the high TEC values were recorded in equinoctial months while the June solstice predominantly exhibited low TEC values. Yearly, the estimated TEC values increases or decreases with solar activity, with 2014 having the highest TEC value. Solar activity dependence of TEC within the EIA zone reveals that both F10.7?cm index and EUV flux (24–36?nm) gives a stronger correlation with TEC than Sunspot Number (SSN). A slightly higher degree of dependence is on EUV flux with the mean highest correlation coefficient (R) value of 0.70, 0.83, 0.82 and 0.88 for quiet geomagnetic conditions (Kp?≤?1) at stations ADIS, MAL2, NKLG, and YKRO, respectively. The correlation results for the entire period consequently reveals that SSN and solar flux F10.7?cm index might not be an ideal index as a proxy for EUV flux as well as to measure the variability of TEC strength within the EIA zone. The estimated TEC along the EIA crest (MAL2 and NKLG) exhibited double-hump maximum, as well as post-sunset peaks (night time enhancement of TEC) between ～2100 and 2300 LT. EIA formation was prominent during evening/post-noon hours.     

基于最优几何拓扑无线多传感器信息融合定位

利用Fisher信息矩阵方法,研究了针对距离、到达时间和方位角三种测量方式下的最优传感器—目标几何定位与拓扑图形特征。仿真结果表明,通过对最优传感器—目标几何图形特征的分析,可以获得具有最优定位性能的传感器—目标几何拓扑;同时表明,最优几何拓扑一般不是唯一的。     

编队飞行卫星三维定位系统的动力学和控制策略

提出应用多颗编队飞行小卫星实现的三维定位系统。首先建立精确动力学模型和摄动方程,然后进行数学仿真和估算三维位置精度,最后讨论位置保持控制策略。仿真结果表明:编队飞行三维定位系统定位精度高,不受纬度影响,而且可以实现全球同时定位功能。     

Landslide monitoring by combining of CR-InSAR and GPS techniques

Considering the limitations related to the landslide monitoring by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique, the method of integration of Globe Positioning System (GPS) with Corner Reflector Interferometric SAR (CR-InSAR) techniques is proposed in this paper. Firstly, deformation in radar line-of-slight (LOS) direction is optimized by introducing the GPS-measured height and atmospheric delay products into the CR-InSAR model. Then, GPS-measured horizontal deformation and CR-InSAR measured LOS deformation are combined to produce the more accurate vertical deformation. Finally, high precision three-dimensional deformation (N, E, U) is projected to the along-slope direction to monitor the actual movement of landslide. In order to test this method, four X-band stripmap-mode TerraSAR images, eight Trihedral Corner Reflectors (TCR) data and eight GPS observed data are collected to monitor the deformation of three potential landslide fields located at the north of Shaanxi province, China. The detailed analysis demonstrates that the estimated precision of along-slope direction is about two times better for proposed method (±1.1 mm) versus GPS (±2.1 mm) in this case. Meanwhile, our result indicates that almost all of the monitoring points present the trends of sliding down along the slope at the different levels from April 9 2011 to August 30 2011, showing the certain instability. Further investigation of the relationship between the magnitudes of displacement at CR points and the implementation of early control reflects the rationality of our result. Our proposed method could provide of the strong support in the high precision landslide deformation monitoring.     

双星定位的数据融合方法

双星定位系统需借助于第三个定 参考量。该文将双星定位系统和多套现有的靶场跟踪设备联用,利用数据融合方法,获得定位参数和速度参数,同时给出双星定位系统和靶场跟踪设备的系统误差估计。理论分析和仿真计算表明,该文方法有较高的精度。     

瓜瓣模上定位销孔的改进加工工艺

针对瓜瓣阳模上定位销孔加工的找正误差大、实物与数模不一致、加工成本高的难题,通过改进找正方法,粗、精找正结合,并利用3D寻边器进行程序验证的思路,实现了理论数模和实物的精确对齐、找正.在此基础上通过椭球参数方程的坐标转换,实现了在3轴机床上对椭球面上法向和轴向定位销孔的加工.结果表明,采用改进后的加工方法,孔的位置精度...     

基于伪距、伪距率的GPS/SINS容错组合导航系统

为了提高组合导航系统的容错性和可靠性 ,本文采用基于伪距、伪距率的GPS/SINS组合导航系统 ,详细推导了该组合导航系统的模型 ,并通过仿真验证了当有效定位卫星数目小于四颗时 ,该组合方法仍可以利用GPS信息修正SINS的导航误差 ,满足一定的导航精度需求。并通过可观性分析 ,说明了不同有效卫星数目对导航精度的影响