Winter cross polar cap current estimation

Digital ionosonde and magnetometer observations from a polar cap station are used to estimate the fraction of Region 1 current that flows across the polar cap. For a winter case study using data for 2001 Feb 18 the cross-cap current was 3.9 × 10⁴ A Pedersen current and 6 × 10⁴ A Hall current. This total current is only a small percentage, ∼5%, of the Region 1 current.     

The Stratospheric and Mesospheric NOy in the 2002–2004 Polar Winters as measured by MIPAS/ENVISAT

The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on board ENVISAT, provided global (pole-to-pole, the polar night winter regions) measurements of nearly all constituents of the NO_y family (including NO, NO₂, HNO₃ and H₂O₅) from July 2002 to the end of March 2004 from the upper stratosphere up to the middle mesosphere. The inter-annual variability of the NO₂ and HNO₃ abundances in the Arctic and Antarctic winters from September 2002 through March 2004 was enormous with tremendous hemispheric asymmetry and extraordinary values in two winters. The origin of these variations and of the extreme measured values has been analyzed on the basis of the changing atmospheric dynamics (using the CH₄ tracer) and solar activity, including the extraordinary solar protons events of Oct–Nov 2003.     

不同上边界条件下的极区电离层数值模拟

利用一维自洽的极区电离层模型,研究了沿磁力线方向不同电离层-磁层耦合条件下极区电离层的响应.此模型在110-610km的电离层空间区域内,综合求解描述极区电离层的连续性方程、动量方程和能量方程,以得到电离层数值解.研究发现,上边界条件在200 km以上的高度能显著地影响电离层参量的形态.较高的O+上行速度对应较低的F层峰值和较高的电子温度.不同边界O+上行速度对应的温度高度剖面完全不同.200km以上电子温度高度剖面不但由来自磁层的热流通量所控制,同时还受到场向O+速度的影响.对利用电离层模型研究电离层内部物理过程提出了建议.      

Comparative anatomy of the day- and night-time radar echoes from the 130–170 km region of the low latitude ionosphere

Recent observations of daytime 150 km echoes made from Gadanki have revealed ‘descending layer type’ echoing pattern, which are remarkably different from their well known ‘necklace’ pattern. These descending layer type echoing pattern have close resemblance to those of the nighttime valley region echoes that are presumably linked with the intermediate layer formed by the meridional wind shear associated with the semidiurnal/terdiurnal tidal winds. The observed close resemblance between the two echoing patterns reminds the plausible role of the semidiurnal/terdiurnal tidal wind and metallic ions in the governing physical processes. We present a comparative anatomy of these two echoing phenomena by making a close examination of the radar observations from Gadanki. Importantly, we bring out the similarities and dissimilarities in their characteristics and discuss the results in the light of currently available theoretical frameworks in an effort to further our understanding on the origin of these echoing phenomena, which have been addressed so far in isolation.     

基于地球坐标系的SINS/GNSS极区组合导航算法

针对极区范围经线收敛速度加快并汇聚于极点,使航向失去参考基准,定位误差急剧增大的问题,结合极区航行过程中对导航精度的需求,提出了一种适用于极区的基于地球坐标系的SINS/GNSS组合导航方案。给出了基于地球椭球模型的横向坐标系定义以及与地球坐标系之间的转换关系;设计了地球坐标系下的SINS/GNSS组合导航算法;最后将地球坐标系下的导航结果转换到横向坐标系。仿真结果表明,基于地球坐标系的极区组合导航方案的导航误差收敛迅速,在1800s的仿真时间内,姿态精度达到0.4′,定位精度达到2m,速度精度达到0.02m/s;其中定位和航向精度略优于横向地理坐标系下的组合导航方法,且可为载体穿越极点时提供稳定的导航信息。     

基于双基地ISAR的极坐标格式算法及其改进算法

通过对双基地逆合成孔径雷达(Bistatic\|ISAR)回波信号模型进行分析,得出双基地ISAR回波信号在空间波数域的分布特性及其支撑区范围;在此基础上,提出了适于双基地ISAR的极坐标格式算法(PFA),该算法采用距离向线性插值和方位向非线性插值的方法实现极坐标到直角坐标的变换;此外,针对插值运算复杂度高的问题,在距离向插值中,引入Chirp\|Z变换代替距离向线性插值,并结合方位向非线性插值提出了基于Chirp\|Z变换的双基地ISAR的PFA算法;最后通过对点目标模型的仿真验证了所提算法的有效性。
     

Aspects related to variability of radiative cooling by NO in lower thermosphere,TEC and O/N2 correlation,and diffusion of NO into mesosphere during the Halloween storms

Nitric Oxide is a very important trace species which plays a significant role acting as a natural thermostat in Earth’s thermosphere during strong geomagnetic activity. In this paper, we present various aspects related to the variation in the NO Infrared radiative flux (IRF) exiting the thermosphere by utilizing the TIMED/SABER (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/ Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) observational data during the Halloween storm which occurred in late October 2003. The Halloween storm comprised of three intense-geomagnetic storms. The variability of NO infrared flux during these storm events and its connection to the strength of the geomagnetic storms were found to be different in contrast to similar super storms. The connection between the quantum of energy outflux from the upper atmosphere into space in terms of NO IRF and the duration of storms is established. The NO radiative cooling, and the closely correlated depletion in O/N₂ ratio are controlled by the Joule heating intensity (proxied by AE-index). The collisional excitation rate of NO, calculated using the modelled datasets of WACCM-X (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension), correlates well with the observed pattern of radiative emission by NO. Observational datasets from TIMED/GUVI (Global Ultra-Violet Imager) and MIT Haystack observatory madrigal GNSS (Global navigation satellite system) total electron content (TEC) database shows that the TEC and O/N₂ enhancement in low-mid northern hemispheric latitudes are mainly controlled by the z-component of Interplanetary magnetic field (IMF-B_z). The penetration of eastward electric field during the storm events is found to be responsible for the overall enhancement of TEC. The contribution of enhanced day-side TEC in observed variation of O/N₂ ratio by GUVI is also reported. It is also seen that during substorms related events the night-time polar region experiences more cooling due to NO than the daytime polar region. The connections between the mid- and low-latitude enhancement in NO IRF with the propagation of LSTIDs (Large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances) in combination with the O/N₂ variability, and the altitudinal variation in NO flux with the progression of the storm is also investigated. This study presents the evidence on the role of diffusion processes in the large scale enhancement of NO in the mesospheric altitudes.     

极区横向地理系空间稳定型惯导算法研究

针对地心惯性系和当地地理系的空间稳定型惯导系统导航算法在极区导航失效的问题,提出了适用于空间稳定型惯导系统的极区导航算法。该算法通过伪经纬网构建了横坐标系参考框架,建立了横向地理系空间稳定型惯导系统力学编排,并在此基础上重新推导了通用的误差模型。最后,通过极点附近区域与穿越极点区域仿真分析了算法的极区有效性。仿真结果表明该算法在极点附近区域解算的伪航向角误差小于3′,伪经度误差小于4′;在穿越极点区域解算的伪纵摇角、伪横摇角误差小于0.3′,伪航向角误差小于3′,伪东向、伪北向速度误差小于1m/s,伪经度、伪纬度误差小于4.2′。该算法克服了极区导航计算溢出、误差放大等问题,提高了系统的极区导航精度,能够满足极区导航要求。     

基于虚拟圆球模型的格网SINS/GNSS极区组合导航方法

由于地球椭球模型下格网系惯性导航系统力学编排复杂,因此,在推导格网系惯性导航误差方程时使用地球圆球模型来简化计算.针对此问题,提出了基于地球虚拟圆球模型下的格网系惯性导航力学编排,并在此基础上推导了格网系误差方程,设计了基于虚拟圆球模型下的格网系捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)与全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)的组合导航系统,实现了组合导航系统模型统一化.将中、低纬度跑车实验数据通过虚拟极区方法转换为极区实验数据,实验结果表明:稳定后姿态误差低于0.3',速度误差低于0.1m/s,位置误差低于5m,可以满足极区航行的导航精度要求.     

星地激光通信链路中的极化码性能研究

在星地激光通信链路中，激光在大气信道中传输时容易受湍流作用，导致信号功率衰落。考虑到极化码在短码下的优良性能和较低的实现复杂度，将其应用于星地激光通信系统中来对抗大气湍流引起的信号衰落。基于对湍流信道的分析，搭建了星地激光通信系统仿真平台，并在其中引入了极化码。实验结果表明在中等湍流和强湍流下，极化码分别降低了13%和25%的通信中断概率，极大地改善了星地激光通信系统的性能。