GPS-only gravity field recovery with GOCE,CHAMP, and GRACE

Gravity missions such as the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) are equipped with onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for precise orbit determination (POD), instrument time-tagging, and the extraction of the long wavelength part of the Earth’s gravity field. The very low orbital altitude of the GOCE satellite and the availability of dense 1 s GPS tracking data are ideal characteristics to exploit the contribution of GPS high-low Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (hl-SST) to gravity field determination. We present gravity field solutions based on about 8 months of GOCE GPS hl-SST data from 2009 and compare the results with those obtained from the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) missions. The very low orbital altitude of GOCE significantly improves gravity field recovery from GPS hl-SST data above degree 20, but not for the degrees below 20, where the quality of the spherical harmonic coefficients remains essentially unchanged. Despite the limited time span of GOCE data used, the gravity field of the Earth can be resolved up to about degree 115 using GPS data only. Empirically determined phase center variations (PCVs) of the GOCE onboard GPS helix antenna are, however, mandatory to achieve this performance.     

一种基于数字聚束的极坐标格式算法波前弯曲补偿

提出了一种基于数字聚束技术的PFA波前弯曲误差补偿新方法,该方法首先对回波数据进行两维空域滤波和降采样,将原始的宽波束大场景数据分解成若干窄的子波束子场景数据,再结合PFA的非共面运动补偿能力,能够有效解决在雷达任意航迹条件下的PFA波前弯曲误差补偿问题,显著提高PFA有效成像场景范围。仿真数据处理表明了算法的有效性。     

采用ISAR技术的MIMO雷达极坐标格式成像算法研究

对MIMO雷达的系统结构和它采用ISAR技术时的信号模型进行分析,以二次降维方式详细讨论了回波信号在波数域的分布特点,得出两条针对成像应用的MIMO雷达阵列设计准则。在此基础上,提出一种可有效聚焦的极坐标格式算法,经过对MIMO雷达回波数据逐次渐进降维重排,将其从四维转换到二维,然后通过距离向和方位向两次一维插值,把以极坐标格式记录的回波数据变换为直角坐标下均匀分布的数据。针对推导过程中因平面波假设引入的误差进行了分析,得到算法的适用条件。最后仿真验证了本文算法的有效性。     

Wave perturbations in the MLT at high northern latitudes in winter,observed by two SATI instruments

To investigate the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) region, several ground-based instruments called SATI (Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager) were designed and built to measure airglow emission and temperature in the upper mesosphere. One SATI instrument was installed at Resolute Bay (74.7°N, 94.9°W) and has monitored the polar MLT region since November, 2001. In October 2007 another SATI instrument was installed at Eureka (80.0°N, 86.3°W) at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) as part of the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC) project. SATI is a spatial scanning Fabry–Perot spectrometer measuring column emission rates for several rotational lines of OH and O₂ airglow at 87 and 94 km height. The rotational temperatures are inferred from the ratios of these lines. The measurements are divided into 12 sectors with an annular field of view. The phase differences between the sectors yield information on the horizontal atmospheric wave direction and wavelength. Horizontal perturbations of 2–8 h period have correlatively been observed and investigated at both locations. Short-periodic oscillations identified as gravity waves with periods between 2 and 8 h propagate in southward and eastward directions, but in opposite directions in some cases. The wave propagation characteristics are often different at the two locations; the relationship with the lower mean wind is considered.     

重力波对中间层和低热层大气环流的影响

利用β通道准地转近似大气平均运动方程组,采用重力波线性饱和参量化方法,定性地研究大气重力 波对中间层和低热层大气环流的作用.模拟计算得到,大气重力波对平均东西风速可产生100m·s-1／d左右的作 用力和产生120 m2/s的湍流扩散,这些作用平衡了Coriolis扭力,导致大气的平均东西风速大大偏离辐射平衡 风场,中层顶附近的平均东西风速在冬季(夏季)甚至反转为东风(西风).平均东西风速计算结果与冬季和夏季 中频雷达东西风速观测值和大气模式剖面等大致一致.     

一种大型紧缩场极坐标测试扫描架系统的设计与实现

扫描架系统是现有紧缩场现场校准方法的核心测试设备,扫描架系统的各项技术指标对于紧缩场校准至关重要,其中具有代表性的关键指标是扫描范围和扫描平面度。为提高紧缩场现场计量校准的适应性,本文设计了一种大型模块化扫描架系统,具有自调整机构和多种安装方式,在最大模式下扫描半径可达到3000mm、中心高可达12m、扫描平面度可达0.05mm(RMS);在最紧凑模式下扫描直径为3000mm、中心高可降至4m;可适用于国内多数紧缩场。目前,该系统完成技术指标的检测,可应用于多型紧缩场现场校准测试。     

渤海冬夏季环流的数值研究

用三维陆架海模式对渤海的冬夏季环流进行了研究。指出：就垂向平均而言、渤海的冬夏季环流结构基本一致,且与垂向平均的潮余流相似。渤海环流有显著的三维结构,冬季,上层主要为风漂流,下层主要为风漂流,下层为补偿流;夏季;潮,风和密度对环流的贡献较大,表现为复杂的三维结构。     

极区航海用惯性导航系统综述

目前,航海用惯性导航系统普遍采用常规的当地水平固定指北机械编排,不适合极区工作,为了满足航海导航的需要,研究了极区惯性导航技术。给出了常规机械编排在极区导航中面临的主要问题,阐述了国内外极区惯性导航系统的发展与现状,分别介绍了自由方位、游移方位、格网及横坐标惯性导航系统的机械编排,并分析了它们存在的问题,最后简要给出了未来极区导航技术研究的发展方向。     

FY-1D极轨气象卫星

介绍了“风云一号D”（FY－1D）极轨气象卫星的主要技术参数和遥感仪器配置等总体组成概况。简述了卫星的技术特点和发展入轨过程，给出卫星姿轨控、可见光和红外扫描辐射计、空间粒子成分监视器、传输信道、星上记录储存和卫星其他功能、性能在轨测试的结果，并进行了分析。结果表明，卫星的性能优于设计要求。最后列举了卫星的某些应用结果。     

Sawtooth substorms generated under conditions of the steadily high solar wind energy input into the magnetosphere: Relationship between PC, AL and ASYM indices

Periodicity in occurrence of magnetic disturbances in polar cap and auroral zone under conditions of steady and powerful solar wind influence on the magnetosphere is analyzed on the example of 9 storm events with distinctly expressed sawtooth substorms (N = 48). Relationships between the polar cap magnetic activity (PC-index), magnetic disturbances in the auroral zone (AL-index) and value of the ring current asymmetry (ASYM index) were examined within the intervals of the PC growth phase and the PC decline phase inherent to each substorm. It is shown that the substorm sudden onsets are always preceded by the PC growth and that the substorm development does not affect the PC growth rate. On achieving the disturbance maximum, the PC and AL indices are simultaneously fall down to the level preceding the substorm, so that the higher the substorm intensity, the larger is the AL and PC drop in the decline phase. The ASYM index increases and decreases in conformity with the PC and AL behavior, the correlation between ASYM and PC being better than between ASYM and AL. Level of the solar wind energy input into the magnetosphere determines periodicity and intensity of disturbances: the higher the coupling function E_KL, the higher is substorm intensity and shorter is substorm length. Taking into account the permanently high level of auroral activity and inconsistency of aurora behavior and magnetic onsets during sawtooth substorms, the conclusion is made that auroral ionosphere conductivity is typically high and ensures an extremely high intensity of field-aligned currents in R1 FAC system. The periodicity of sawtooth substorms is determined by recurrent depletions and restorations of R1 currents, which are responsible for coordinated variations of magnetic activity in the polar cap and auroral zone.