钛合金表面等离子喷涂ZrO2—NiCoCrAlY梯度涂层的抗热震行为

ＺｒＯ２－ＮｉＣｏＣｒＡｌＹ梯度涂层的成分沿厚度方向呈连续梯度化分布，提高了涂层与基体的粘结强度和涂层的内聚强度，其抗热震性能优于双层涂层。在较大热冲击应力作用下，梯度涂层整体自基体表面剥落而失效；在较小热冲击应力作用下，由于ＮｉＣｏＣｒＡｌＹ底层与ＴＣ４合金基体发生了热相互作用，改善了涂层与基体的结合状况，梯度涂层纵向断裂并部分自基体表面剥落而失效。     

脉冲等离子电火箭技术及其应用

本文简要介绍脉冲等离子电火箭的工作原理及其在国外的研究和应用情况     

一种求解翼面类斜截面外形的简便方法

从飞机翼面外形设计的角度，利用顺气流截面弦长与任意斜截面弦长的相互关系，导出了一种求解翼面类斜截面外形的简便方法。本方法的优点是，可以方便地给出翼面类任意斜截面外形的相对坐标值。只要算出任意斜截面的弦长，就可以很快地得到对应外形的坐标值，而无需求解复杂的曲面方程。与传统的方法相比较，减少了计算量。这对于求解着于非顺气流方向的翼肋外形来说，尤其显得方便。文中以某型飞机机翼为例，分别用传统方法和简便方法进行计算，得到完全一致的结果。     

氧等离子体对空间材料作用的实验研究

利用制作的射频放电氧等离子体试验装置对单面镀铝Kapton、聚四氟乙烯、聚酯膜、聚酰亚胺、硅橡胶、碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料、开芙拉,Ag、Cu、Al 箔及OSR(Optical Solar Reflector)等数种空间用材料作了耐氧等离子体性能试验,测量了材料试样在氧等离子体作用后的质量损失、表面电阻率、太阳吸收率α_s和红外辐射率ε等参量,并对试验结果及实用性等问题进行了分析讨论。     

Storm-time formation of a relativistic electron belt and some relevant phenomena in other magnetospheric plasma domains

An empirical formula relating the strength of a storm given by its |Dst|_max with the L-coordinate of the peak of storm-injected relativistic electrons is one of a few well-confirmed quantitative relations found in the magneto-spheric physics. We successively extended a dataset of the formula’s basic storms with several events of high Dst-amplitude up to the highest observed |Dst|_max = 600 nT. Possible applying of the formula to the predicting of the ring-current plasma-pressure distribution and the lowest westward electrojet position for a storm are discussed. We have also analyzed the 2000–2001 years’ data on relativistic electrons from our instruments installed on EXPRESS-A (geosynchronous orbit; E_e = 0.8–6 MeV), Molniya-3 (h = 500 × 40 000 km, i = 63°; E_e = 0.8–5.5 MeV) and GLONASS (h = 20 000 km, i = 64°; E_e  l MeV) along with other correlated measurements: GOES series (E_e > 2 MeV), geomagnetic indices (Dst, AE, AL) and interplanetary parameters (solar wind, IMF). The goal is to investigate which outer conditions are most responsible for the high/low output of the storm-injected relativistic electrons. For the geosynchronous orbit, two factors are found as the necessary condition of the highest electron output: high and long-lasting substorm activity on a storm recovery phase and high velocity of solar wind. On the contrary, extremely low substorm activity surely observed during whole the storm recovery phase constitutes a sufficient condition of the non-increased after-storm electron intensity. For the first time found cases of the increased after-storm electron intensity observed at the inner L-shells with no simultaneously seen increase in the geosynchronous distances are presented.     

航空发动机高压旋转涡轮盘腔流动与换热

在同模型实验参数范围内，且数值解和实验解基本吻合的前提下，对发动机原型参数进行数值模拟，求解了旋转系下流体流动与换热微分方程组，通过对气体域和固体域进行共扼计算，并将动量方程与能量方程福合求解。结果表明利用低参数下实验数据支持的数值计算程序对真实参数的模拟是合理的，对于复杂的非线性现象，数值外推法比传统实验外推更加准确。     

水反应金属燃料发动机比冲性能与燃烧室长度设计理论研究

运用热力计算原理,计算并分析了两相流影响条件下水反应金属燃料发动机的比冲性能。采用经验公式,对发动机中金属颗粒燃烧时间进行了计算分析,估算了金属颗粒燃烧长度,为燃烧室长度设计提供了依据。结果表明,存在最佳水燃比,使发动机达到最优比冲性能;两相流影响下比冲损失较大,金属颗粒燃烧时间随水燃比、雷诺数增加而显著减少;通过对颗粒燃烧时间的计算,可初步设计燃烧室长度。     

改进的绳系卫星系统距离速率控制律

为扩大绳系卫星系统(TSS)控制的稳定域,提出了一种改进距离速率控制算法。根据TSS动力学方程及构造的二阶稳定系统,给出了修正的控制模型。讨论了稳定释放角度和释放/回收速度的影响,并研究了固定绳索长度系留控制方案。算例表明该方法可显著扩大稳定域,提高释放速度。     

Radiation engineering analysis of shielding materials to assess their ability to protect astronauts in deep space from energetic particle radiation

An analysis is performed on four typical materials (aluminum, liquid hydrogen, polyethylene, and water) to assess their impact on the length of time an astronaut can stay in deep space and not exceed a design basis radiation exposure of 150 mSv. A large number of heavy lift launches of pure shielding mass are needed to enable long duration, deep space missions to keep astronauts at or below the exposure value with shielding provided by the vehicle. Therefore, vehicle mass using the assumptions in the paper cannot be the sole shielding mechanism for long duration, deep space missions. As an example, to enable the Mars Design Reference Mission 5.0 with a 400 day transit to and from Mars, not including the 500 day stay on the surface, a minimum of 24 heavy lift launches of polyethylene at 89,375 lbm (40.54 tonnes) each are needed for the 1977 galactic cosmic ray environment. With the assumptions used in this paper, a single heavy lift launch of water or polyethylene can protect astronauts for a 130 day mission before exceeding the exposure value. Liquid hydrogen can only protect the astronauts for 160 days. Even a single launch of pure shielding material cannot protect an astronaut in deep space for more than 180 days using the assumptions adopted in the analysis. It is shown that liquid hydrogen is not the best shielding material for the same mass as polyethylene for missions that last longer than 225 days.     

Modeling PSBL high speed ion beams observed by Cluster and Double Star

On October 8, 2004, the Cluster and Double Star spacecraft crossed the near-Earth (12–19 R_E) magnetotail neutral sheet during the recovery phase of a small, isolated substorm. Although they were separated in distance by ∼7 R_E and in time by ∼30 min, both Cluster and Double Star observed steady, but highly structured Earthward moving >1000 km/s high speed H⁺ beams in the PSBL. This paper utilizes a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation driven by Wind spacecraft solar wind input to model the large-scale structure of the PSBL and large-scale kinetic (LSK) particle tracing calculations to investigate the similarities and differences in the properties of the observed beams. This study finds that the large-scale shape of the PSBL is determined by the MHD configuration. On smaller scales, the LSK calculations, in good qualitative agreement with both Cluster and Double Star observations, demonstrated that the PSBL is highly structured in both time and space, on time intervals of less than 2 min, and spatial distances of the order of 0.2–0.5 R_E. This picture of the PSBL is different from the ordered and structured region previously reported in observations.