一般位置直线求实长的几种方法

在机械制图工作中 ,有时需要由投影求出直线的实长。而采用直角三角形法、换面法和旋转法求出一般位置直线的实长对于提高工作效率和数据的准确度有着重要的意义。     

Effect of the seed perturbation amplitude on the equatorial spread F initiation during solar minimum

The contribution of gravity wave (GW) to the initiation/development of spread F during a solar minimum year was investigated through the comparison of the observed precursory parameters and characteristics of the corresponding equatorial spread F (ESF) events. The ionospheric parameters were recorded at the magnetic equatorial station Sao Luis (2.3°S, 44°W, dip latitude 2°S) during March and October 2010. These data were used to estimate the influence of the relative gravity wave amplitude and the ambient ionospheric condition on the diurnal variation of the spread F initiation. The vertical velocity drift indicated a clear control and defines the threshold for the seasonal variability of the ESF occurrence. However, it was insufficient to solely determine or predict the day to day variation of ESF occurrence. Thus, few days with contrasting ambient ionospheric condition and magnitude of GW amplitude were analysed in order to investigate the role of the different precursory factors in the observed diurnal variation of the plasma irregularity development. The density scale length and gravity wave amplitude were shown to immensely contribute to the linear instability growth rate, especially during the days with a low post-sunset rise. Thus, the experimental observations have demonstrated the strong inter-dependence between the precursory factors and they have also highlighted the probable control of the ESF morphology.     

腐蚀条件下LD2航空铝合金裂纹扩展规律研究

 腐蚀损伤会加速飞机结构的疲劳裂纹扩展,缩短飞机疲劳寿命。以LD2航空铝合金材料为研究对象,通过在实验室内模拟飞机服役环境进行加速腐蚀试验,得到不同腐蚀时间下的试验件,并在MTS-810疲劳机上对不同腐蚀时间下的试验件进行疲劳试验,得到不同腐蚀年限下的疲劳断口形貌。通过断口判读分析,得到不同腐蚀年限下的裂纹扩展数据(a,N)。从不同腐蚀时间下的裂纹扩展数据研究分析,得到裂纹长度与循环次数符合指数函数的形式,即裂纹扩展速率与裂纹长度成正比,其斜率依赖于腐蚀损伤与疲劳载荷两个因素,而且在同一应力水平下,其斜率与腐蚀时间呈线性关系,并且其截距与应力水平也呈线性关系。     

气氧/甲烷与气氢/气氧喷注器燃烧特性对比研究

为了获得气氧/甲烷与气氢/气氧两种推进剂组合燃烧特性的异同,将氢/氧气-气啧注器的设计经验用于气氧/甲烷气-气喷注器设计,在同一燃烧室中针对气氧/甲烷与气氢/气氧同轴剪切喷注器燃烧特性开展了数值仿真与试验研究.结果表明:在喷注器设计参数相似的情况下,气氧/甲烷喷注器尺寸与气氢/气氧喷注器尺寸相当;在相同的燃烧室设计压力、结构尺寸,以及两种推进剂组合均完全燃烧的情况下,要产生相同的推力,气氧/甲烷(混合比3.5)推进剂流量约为氢/氧(混合比6.0)推进剂流量的1.27倍,气氧/甲烷燃烧所需燃烧室特征长度约为氢/氧燃烧室特征长度的1.48倍,气氧/甲烷燃烧室壁面热载约为氢/氧燃烧室壁面热载的一半.     

Mini-magnetosphere: Laboratory experiment,physical model and Hall MHD simulation

Magnetosphere with a size comparable to the ion kinetic scales is investigated by means of laboratory experiment, analytical analysis and Hall MHD simulation. In experiment a specific magnetic field was observed which is non-coplanar to dipole field, does not change sign at dipole moment inversion and could be generated only via the quadratic Hall term. Magnetopause position and plasma stand off distance were found to be profoundly different between the experimental regimes with small and large ion inertia length. In the previous studies of a mini-magnetosphere by kinetic codes such novel features were observed as absence of the bow shock and plasma stopping at the Stoermer particle limit instead of the pressure balance distance. Proposed analytical model explains these features by Hall currents which tend to cancel magnetic field convection by ions. Performed numerical simulation shows a good agreement with experiment and analytical model. It gives detailed spatial structure of the Hall field and reveals that while ions penetrate deep inside mini-magnetosphere electrons overflow around it along magnetopause boundary.     

An in situ laser induced breakdown spectroscope (LIBS) for Chandrayaan-2 rover: Ablation kinetics and emissivity estimations

A miniaturized in situ laser induced breakdown spectroscope-LIBS is one of the two lunar rover payloads to be flown in India’s next lunar mission Chandrayaan-2, with an objective to carry-out a precise qualitative and quantitative elemental analyses of lunar regolith at the proximity of the landing region. As per the imposed mission constraints and the executed design optimization studies, a compact and light-weight LIBS prototype model is developed at our premises. This paper mainly concerns with the estimation of theoretical aspects; especially on evaluation of elemental ablation parameters and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for the designed instrument. Theoretical estimations and simulations yielded an incident laser power density of the order of 5 × 10¹⁰ W/cm² on the target surface at a defined lens-to-surface distance (LTSD) of 200 mm and revealed an SNR > 100 for most of the elements under consideration. This paper also addresses the impact of LTSD variation on detection capability. The estimation of plasma-temperatures was carried out utilizing the emission spectra obtained under high vacuum environments employing the LIBS laboratory model. Experimental investigations and the performed theoretical estimations asserted the successful operation of the configured LIBS instrument for in situ elemental analyses on lunar surface.     

时变等离子鞘套相位抖动对GPS导航的影响

飞行器再入过程中产生的时变等离子鞘套会引起信号的时变衰减和相位抖动,其产生的相位抖动对调相体制的GPS导航系统必然产生影响。探讨了时变等离子鞘套引起信号相位抖动的机理,通过传输矩阵法计算了由时变等离子鞘套引起GPS导航信号的相位抖动的统计特性,结合Hilbert方法建立了受到相位抖动影响的GPS信号模型,研究了黑障发生前等离子鞘套的相位抖动对GPS导航的影响。仿真结果表明GPS导航受到影响的程度和相位抖动方差大小密切相关。在NASA数据下相位抖动方差为0.1142时,定位变化大于10m的最大比例超出了1.5%,大于5m的最大比例超出了14%。     

用PIV技术研究四角切圆锅炉燃烧器区冷态燃烧流场的湍流积分尺度

四角切圆锅炉内煤粉的燃烧过程对提高锅炉运行效率及NOX减排有着显著的现实意义。通过搭建四角切圆锅炉冷态模型,利用粒子成像测速技（Particle Image Velocimetry）,采用空间相关分析方法,针对燃烧器区四角射流复杂湍流的涡拟序结构,开展基于湍流积分尺度来表征的3个典型水平层面涡尺度分布规律研究。通过对湍流积分尺度和时均速度的相关分析研究,认为冷态燃烧器区湍流涡尺度分布不仅与风口流速相关,同时还与风层位置密切相关,并不与风口流速呈线性变化规律,上一次风层涡尺度分布与其它两个风层的相比存在很大差异,因此湍流积分尺度的研究对煤粉高效洁净燃烧具有一定的理论指导意义。     

螺纹副虚拟旋合方法的研究及其应用

在建立螺纹旋合的二维简化模型基础上,在螺纹面接触的重力效应约束条件下,进行了不同螺纹牙型旋合的模拟,并可推算得到螺纹的旋合长度。实际螺纹样本与螺纹通止规模拟旋合的结果与采用螺纹通止规检验的结果一致,进一步验证了这种方法的可行性。