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201.
The main objective of the Mutual Impedance Probe (MIP), part of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC), is to measure the electron density and temperature of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s coma, in particular inside the contact surface. Furthermore, MIP will determine the bulk velocity of the ionised outflowing atmosphere, define the spectral distribution of natural plasma waves, and monitor dust and gas activities around the nucleus. The MIP instrumentation consists of an electronics board for signal processing in the 7 kHz to 3.5 MHz range and a sensor unit of two receiving and two transmitting electrodes mounted on a 1-m long bar. In addition, the Langmuir probe of the RPC/LAP instrument that is at about 4 m from the MIP sensor can be used as a transmitter (in place of the MIP ones) and MIP as a receiver in order to have access to the density and temperature of plasmas at higher Debye lengths than those for which the MIP is originally designed.  相似文献   
202.
本文对洗衣机运转过程中的用水量建立优化模型,目标函数为在达到一定洗涤效果的前提下的最小用水量。我们将此归结为利用Lagrange函数求非线性规划的最优解问题,并且给出了相应的理论证明。此外,结合实际具体数据为洗衣机设计了一组运行程序。最后讨论了模型的改进与推广,并且对模型的优缺点作出了分析。  相似文献   
203.
采用二维三分量静电粒子模拟程序研究了电子环束流对低轨道磁化等离子体中运行的航天器表面电位和等离子体鞘层结构的影响.当有电子束流平行磁场入射时,航天器表面所带负电位的绝对值将增大.电子束流的速度和密度的增加将使航天器表面负电位绝对值增加很快.与此同时等离子体鞘层的尺度也将增大,形状将由向尾部延伸的“泪滴”状变成向两侧展开的“机翼”状.当电子环束流以相对于磁场成一定角度斜入射时,由于磁场的约束作用,航天器表面负电位的绝对值将随入射角增大而减小.   相似文献   
204.
电推进技术已应用于航天的多个领域,电弧等离子体发动机(Arcjet)因其高比冲、高推力/功率比以及大的推进剂选择范围等特点成为当前国际上电火箭研究和应用的热点。文章总结小功率Arcjet实验及性能研究,介绍了实验研究系统的主要组成,给出初步的发动机工作性能参数及实验结果分析。  相似文献   
205.
The feasibility of using electrostatic forces to stabilize a close-proximity leader-follower formation is investigated. The leader craft is equipped with a set of affixed spheres whose charge is modulated to hold the charged follower craft along a proscribed trajectory to its nominal leader-relative position. This charge structure and the follower craft are constrained to remain in the plasma wake generated behind all LEO craft because the more-dense ambient plasma outside the wake prevents object charging and electric field propagation. Once the formation is achieved, a controlled electric field is generated by the leader to counter relative accelerations from perturbations like differential drag and solar radiation pressure, holding the follow near its nominal position. Two controllers are derived for the system described, incorporating Coulomb accelerations and linearized gravity and drag accelerations. Simulations are run under unmodeled perturbations and sensor noise for different scenarios, demonstrating the challenges and benefits associated with electrostatic actuation.  相似文献   
206.
为了分析高压补燃液氧煤油发动机氧泵间管内气液两相掺混冷凝及其压力波传播过程,建立了可产生压力扰动的垂直管低温气液两相掺混实验系统,以氧气/液氧为实验工质,开展压力波对垂直管内低温气液两相掺混冷凝的影响研究,获得了不同压力波频率和氧气流量工况下的掺混图像,分析结果表明:压力波会使发散流型由微弱振荡冷凝向间歇振荡冷凝转变,使椭圆流型由稳定冷凝向振荡冷凝转变;在0~52 Hz不同频率压力波作用下,发散流型最大轴向冷凝长度与掺混孔径之比在10~30之间,椭圆流型的比值在8~15之间变化;压力波对气相摆动频率起主导性和正相关性的影响。  相似文献   
207.
为解决再入过程中通信黑障与探测异常问题,对等离子体鞘套地面模拟方法进行了研究。以RAM C-II 飞行试验为依据,计算了等离子体鞘套的参数范围。分析现有模拟设备,概括提出了高焓低速风洞的模拟方案,选取相适应的放电方式,并对流量功率进行了计算。针对高温环境对电磁设备造成损坏以及所需功率难以实现的问题,提出添加碱金属的解决方案,并进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,添加碱金属可以使电子密度提升约一个数量级。对方案效果进行评估,预期功率需求降至兆瓦量级。  相似文献   
208.
《中国航空学报》2021,34(5):195-204
Detecting and characterizing Total Electron Content (TEC) depletion is important for studying the ionospheric threat due to the Equatorial Plasma Bubble (EPB) when applying the Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) at low latitudes. This paper develops a robust method to automatically identify TEC depletion and derive its parameters. The rolling barrel algorithm is used to automatically identify the TEC depletion candidate and its parameters. Then, the depletion candidates are screened by several improved techniques to distinguish actual depletions from other phenomena such as Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance (TID) or abnormal data. Next, based on the depletion signals from three triangular receivers, the method derives EPB parameters such as velocity, width and gradient. The time lag and front velocity are calculated based on cross-correlation using TEC depletions and the geometrical distribution of three triangular receivers. The width and gradient of slope are then determined by using TEC depletion from a single receiver. By comparison, both the station-pair method and proposed method depend on the assumption that the EPB morphology is frozen during the short time when the plasma bubble moves between the receivers. However, our method relaxes the restriction that the baseline length should be shorter than the width of slope required by the station-pair. This relaxation is favorable for studying small-scale slope of depletions using stations of a longer baseline. In addition, the accuracy of the width and gradient is free of impact from hardware biases and small-scale disturbance, as it is based only on the relative TEC variation. The method is demonstrated by processing Global Positioning System (GPS) and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) data on 15 August, 2018, in a solar minimum cycle.  相似文献   
209.
结合虚位移原理和宏细观统一本构模型的基本理论提出了一种宏细观统一本构模型.该模型将宏观位移表示为宏观应变与细观位移的线性组合,然后应用虚位移原理建立基本方程,采用有限元法进行求解,得到宏观应变增量和应力增量的关系式.通过算例分析对比了模型与FVDAM(finite volume directe average meth...  相似文献   
210.
We report the measurements of the response of a delta-doped Charge Coupled Device (CCD) in imaging mode to beams of charged and neutral particles. That is, the detector imaged the incident beam over its 1024 × 1024 pixels, integrating the number of particles counted in each pixel during the exposure period. In order to count individual particles the exposure time would have had to be reduced considerably compared to the typical ?5 s used in these studies. Our CCD thus operated in a different manner than do conventional particle detectors such as the CEM and MCP that normally are used in a particle counting mode. The measurements were carried out over an energy range from 0.8 to 30 keV. The species investigated include H, H+, He+, N+, N2+, and Ar+. The energy and ion mass covered wider ranges than previous measurements for the CCD. The results of these measurements show, as in the case of the previous measurement, for a given ion the CCD response increases with energy and for a given particle energy the response decreases with increasing mass of the particle. These results are in agreement with predictions of the theory of the range of ions in solids. The results also show the possibility for the application of the delta doped CCD as a detector for low energy particle measurements for space plasma physics applications.  相似文献   
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